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<p>Direct UK funding of the European Space Agency (ESA) has been as follows:</p><p>
</p><p>2009/10: £242.8m</p><p>2010/11: £231.1m</p><p>2011/12: £232.0m</p><p>2012/13:
£207.6m</p><p>2013/14: £267.5m</p><p> </p><p>In addition, national expenditure averaging
£20M a year has been expended within the UK to build and operate scientific instruments
carried on spacecraft of ESA. The funding to ESA has been used to contribute to missions
and technology in the fields of space science and exploration, Earth observation for
science and applications, telecommunications and broadband delivery, access to microgravity
facilities for life and physical sciences, space weather, navigation technologies,
human spaceflight and weather monitoring. As well as resulting expenditure in the
UK due to the just retour principle, wider benefits have accrued in new scientific
knowledge; and improved delivery of public services.</p><p>ESA is the primary route
for Government R&D space investment. Several economic analyses of investment impact
have been undertaken, drawn together in BIS Economics Paper No3[1]. The UK Space Agency
(part of BIS) undertakes a biennial survey of the size and health of the UK space
industry[2] showing growth from £3.4B turnover in 1999/2000 to £9.5B in 2011, reflecting
the results of sustained investment as well as the growth of the market.</p><p>The
UK Space Agency monitors contracts that return back to UK industry from our ESA subscriptions
and also monitors where R&D work has positioned UK industry for success in larger
operational contracts.</p><p> </p><p>A UK R&D investment of £15M for the Astrium
E3000 Spacecraft through the ESA telecoms programme (‘ARTES') was more than matched
by industry and resulted in the award of 41 spacecraft contracts worth over £600M
to UK industry, an un-discounted ROI of over thirty. Analysis has shown that the return
on investment from UK ARTES programmes ranges from 2 to 30 with an average of 6:1.
The UK Space Agency also works with the OECD to pool analysis of benefits from space
funding as reflected in the OECD Handbook on Measuring the Space Economy[3].</p><p>
</p><p>The scientific programmes of ESA directly contribute to UK academic excellence.
The ‘Wakeham Review of Physics'[4] reported to government that in terms of impact
(citations) in the space sciences, the UK “is second to the USA and well separated
from the following pack”. Data from satellites such as ESA's Cryosat 2 have directly
informed the IPCC 5<sup>th</sup> Assessment on climate change[5].</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>An
example of a public service benefit space investment is the weather forecast. The
MetOffice (also part of BIS) has undertaken analysis showing that satellites have
made the greatest impact in improving weather prediction among available observing
techniques[6] “accounting for 64% of short-range global forecast error reduction”.
Of all the nine data sources used, the new European Metop satellite has made the largest
single impact: “about 25% of the total impact on global forecast error reduction”.</p><p>
</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>
</p><p> </p><br /><p>[1]http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file54519.PDF</p><p>[2]
http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets/ukspaceagency/docs/industry/size-and-health-report-oct-2012.pdf</p><p>[3]
http://www.oecd.org/futures/oecdhandbookonmeasuringthespaceeconomy.htm</p><p>[4] http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/RCUK-prod/assets/documents/reviews/physics/review.pdf</p><p>[5]
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/</p><p>[6] http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/9/m/FRTR562.pdf</p>
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