sustainability section<\/a> of our website.<\/p>"}
, "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4200", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord True"}
}
, "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Lord True"}
, "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2022-08-04", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2022-08-04T12:27:35.677Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
]}
, "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "210"}
, "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "COP26"}
, "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "COP26"}
, "date" : {"_value" : "2022-07-21", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Climate Change Convention: Egypt"}
, "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"}
, "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"}
}
], "questionText" : "To ask Her Majesty's Government what steps they have taken, if any, to ensure that delegates to the COP27 conference in Sharm el Sheik are able to travel by land/sea routes and otherwise minimise carbon emissions from their journeys to and from the conference.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4719", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle"}
}
, "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle"}
], "uin" : "HL1993"}
, {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1491784", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Ministry of Defence"}
], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1491784/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "While Defence is committed to be as transparent as possible about our use of AI technologies, there are no plans at present to publish an annual list of all AI defence programmes due to practical and security reasons.<\/p>
<\/p>
Defence understands AI as a family of general-purpose technologies with ubiquitous potential applications from the back office to the battlespace. We will publish an AI 'concept playbook" later this year to help partners to understand the areas of Research and Development that we intend to prioritise. However, it is important to understand that in most cases AI will be an enabler for a broader system or capability (e.g. supporting more informed logistics planning) not a capability programme in itself.<\/p>
<\/p>
Given the range of potential applications, it would not be practical to label and track all sub-elements of projects underway across Defence that include Autonomy or AI. Moreover, in some cases it would not be appropriate to disclose details of Defence capability programmes for security reasons.<\/p>
<\/p>"}
, "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4306", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Goldie"}
}
, "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Goldie"}
, "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2022-08-04", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2022-08-04T15:01:39.587Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
]}
, "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "11"}
, "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Defence"}
, "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Defence"}
, "date" : {"_value" : "2022-07-21", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Defence: Artificial Intelligence"}
, "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"}
, "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"}
}
], "questionText" : "To ask Her Majesty's Government, whether they will publish an annual list of all AI defence programmes they are working on, including the stage of implementation and the budget for each programme.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/3396", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Clement-Jones"}
}
, "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Clement-Jones"}
], "uin" : "HL1997"}
, {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1491785", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Ministry of Defence"}
], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1491785/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
The Defence AI Strategy (published on 15 June 2022), set out our clear commitment to use AI safely, lawfully and ethically in line with the standards, values and norms of the society we serve. This is critical to promote confidence and trust among our people, our partners and the general public.<\/p>
<\/p>
We will deliver this commitment through a range of robust people, process and technology measures, including: embedding our AI Ethics Principles throughout the entire capability lifecycle; independent scrutiny and challenge from our AI Ethics Advisory Panel; training to ensure our people understand and can appropriately mitigate AI-related risks; publishing as much information as possible about key safeguards (such as our approach to Test and Evaluation); specifying (including through Early Market Engagement) how and why we will utilise algorithms and applications; and ensuring there are effective pathways for individuals to raise ethical or safety concerns.<\/p>
<\/p>
As we implement these commitments from the AI Strategy - and the associated 'Ambitious, Safe, Responsible' policy - Defence will continue to be outward facing, working with colleagues across the AI and technology industry to understand concerns and identify and embed best practice safeguards.<\/p>"}
, "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4306", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Goldie"}
}
, "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Goldie"}
, "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2022-08-04", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2022-08-04T15:00:50.177Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
]}
, "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "11"}
, "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Defence"}
, "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Defence"}
, "date" : {"_value" : "2022-07-21", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Defence: Artificial Intelligence"}
, "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"}
, "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"}
}
], "questionText" : "To ask Her Majesty's Government, further to their policy paper Ambitious, Safe, Responsible: Our approach to the delivery of AI enabled capability in Defence, published on 15 June, what steps they are taking to ensure that (1) scientists, (2) developers, and (3) industry, can operate in an environment where there are adequate controls to prevent their research and technology from being used in ways which may be problematic.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/3396", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Clement-Jones"}
}
, "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Clement-Jones"}
], "uin" : "HL1998"}
, {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1491786", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Ministry of Defence"}
], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1491786/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
The 'Ambitious, Safe, Responsible' policy sets out that the Ministry of Defence opposes the creation and use of AI enabled weapon systems which operate without meaningful and context-appropriate human involvement throughout their lifecycle. This involvement could take the form of real-time human supervision, or control exercised through the setting of a system's operational parameters.<\/p>
<\/p>
We believe that Human-Machine teaming delivers the best outcomes in terms of overall effectiveness. However, in certain cases it may be appropriate to exert rigorous human control over AI-enabled systems through a range of safeguards, process and technical controls without always requiring some form of real-time human supervision. For example, in the context of defending a maritime platform against hypersonic weapons, defensive systems may need to be able to detect incoming threats and open fire faster than a human could react.<\/p>
<\/p>
In all cases, human responsibility for the use of AI must be clearly established, and that responsibility underpinned by a clear and consistent articulation of the means by which human control is exercised across the system lifecycle, including the nature and limitations of that control.<\/p>"}
, "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4306", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Goldie"}
}
, "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Goldie"}
, "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2022-08-04", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2022-08-04T15:05:03.32Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
]}
, "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "11"}
, "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Defence"}
, "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Defence"}
, "date" : {"_value" : "2022-07-21", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Autonomous Weapons"}
, "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"}
, "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"}
}
], "questionText" : "To ask Her Majesty's Government, further to their policy paper Ambitious, Safe, Responsible: Our approach to the delivery of AI enabled capability in Defence, published on 15 June, which says that \"We do not rule out incorporating AI within weapon systems\" and that real-time human supervision of such systems \"may act as an unnecessary and inappropriate constraint on operational performance\", when this would be seen as a constraint; and whether they can provide assurance that the UK's weapon systems will remain under human supervision at the point when any decision to take a human life is made.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4279", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for The Lord Bishop of Oxford"}
}
, "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "The Lord Bishop of Oxford"}
], "uin" : "HL2032"}
, {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1491787", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Ministry of Defence"}
], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1491787/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
The UK does not support calls for further legally binding rules that prohibit autonomous weapons that identify, select and attack targets without context-appropriate human involvement and regulate other autonomous systems. International Humanitarian Law already provides a robust, principle-based framework for the regulation of development and use of all weapons systems including weapons that contain autonomous functions.<\/p>
<\/p>
Without international consensus on the definitions or characteristics of weapons with levels of autonomy, a legal instrument would have to ban undefined systems, which would present difficulties in the application of any such ban and which could severely impact legitimate research and development of AI or autonomous technologies.<\/p>"}
, "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4306", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Goldie"}
}
, "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Goldie"}
, "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2022-08-04", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2022-08-04T15:05:51.56Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
]}
, "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "11"}
, "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Defence"}
, "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Defence"}
, "date" : {"_value" : "2022-07-21", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Autonomous Weapons: Treaties"}
, "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"}
, "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"}
}
], "questionText" : "To ask Her Majesty's Government, further to their policy paper Ambitious, Safe, Responsible: Our approach to the delivery of AI enabled capability in Defence, published on 15 June, which states that weapons that identify, select and attack targets without context-appropriate human involvement \"are not acceptable\", whether they will be supporting the negotiation of a legally binding international instrument that both (1) prohibits autonomous weapons that identify, select and attack targets without context-appropriate human involvement, and (2) regulates other autonomous weapons systems to ensure meaningful human control over the use of force.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4279", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for The Lord Bishop of Oxford"}
}
, "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "The Lord Bishop of Oxford"}
], "uin" : "HL2033"}
, {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1491788", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy"}
], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1491788/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
The Government\u2019s Net Zero Strategy sets out a decarbonisation pathway to meet all carbon budgets. The figure quoted includes emissions from international aviation and shipping, which are not in scope for Carbon Budget 4 (CB4). Table 9 of the technical annex shows emissions contributing to CB4 (which does not include international aviation and shipping emissions) would be 359 MtCO2e on average per year, equivalent to 1793 MtCO2e over the five-year budget. This figure also uses the global warming potential methodology which was agreed internationally at COP 26.<\/p>"}
, "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4336", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Callanan"}
}
, "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Lord Callanan"}
, "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2022-07-27", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2022-07-27T15:22:02.283Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
]}
, "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "201"}
, "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy"}
, "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy"}
, "date" : {"_value" : "2022-07-21", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Carbon Emissions"}
, "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"}
, "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"}
}
], "questionText" : "To ask Her Majesty's Government, further to the data presented in the Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener, published on 19 October 2021, showing that they anticipate the UK emitting 2073 MtCO2e over the period covered by Carbon Budget 4 (2023\u20132027), how they intend to meet their binding commitment of 1950 MTCO2e set out in the Carbon Budget Order 2011.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4548", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Sheehan"}
}
, "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Baroness Sheehan"}
], "uin" : "HL2044"}
, {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1491789", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy"}
], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1491789/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
The clause does not have this effect. The intention behind clause 111 is to broaden the definition of \u201cremovals\u201d of greenhouse gases beyond nature-based greenhouse gas removal methods (GGRs), such as tree planting, to include those achieved by engineered GGRs, such as Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage.<\/p>
<\/p>
The Government does not currently intend to purchase offsets to set towards its carbon budgets, although it has retained the option to do so in the future if appropriate, as permitted by the Climate Change Act 2008.<\/p>"}
, "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4336", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Callanan"}
}
, "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Lord Callanan"}
, "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2022-07-27", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2022-07-27T15:23:33.137Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
]}
, "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "201"}
, "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy"}
, "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy"}
, "date" : {"_value" : "2022-07-21", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Carbon Emissions"}
, "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"}
, "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"}
}
], "questionText" : "To ask Her Majesty's Government whether clause 111 of the Energy Bill, which seeks to amend the definition of carbon removals in section 29 of the Climate Change Act 2008, would allow the meeting of emission reductions targets by the purchase of offsets or other traded instruments.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4548", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Sheehan"}
}
, "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Baroness Sheehan"}
], "uin" : "HL2045"}
, {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1491790", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Department for Transport"}
], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/1491790/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
We have been extensively engaging with industry at both ministerial and official level since the beginning of the year. During these meetings we have been clear that the volume delays and late notice cancellations are unacceptable, and airlines must have realistic schedules they can deliver.<\/p>
<\/p>
On 30 June, the Secretary of State announced 22 measures the Government is taking to support the aviation industry, including: to help recruit and train staff; ensure the delivery of a realistic summer schedule through a slots amnesty; minimise disruption; and support passengers when delays and cancellations are unavoidable. We are now clear that industry needs to manage their operations effectively.<\/p>
<\/p>
The Aviation Minister is also chairing a Strategic Risk Group which meets weekly to bring together senior executives from across the sector to highlight issues, assess mitigations, and encourage collaborative working.<\/p>"}
, "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4580", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Vere of Norbiton"}
}
, "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Vere of Norbiton"}
, "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2022-07-29", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2022-07-29T12:00:42.473Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
]}
, "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "27"}
, "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Transport"}
, "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Transport"}
, "date" : {"_value" : "2022-07-21", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Airports: Standards"}
, "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"}
, "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"}
}
], "questionText" : "To ask Her Majesty's Government what steps they are taking to ensure the continued resilience of UK airports for both (1) passengers, and (2) freight operators.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1744", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Viscount Waverley"}
}
, "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Viscount Waverley"}
], "uin" : "HL2050"}
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