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1491781

registered interest
date	21/07/2022
answering body	Department for Education
answering dept id	60
answering dept short name	Education
answering dept sort name	Education
hansard heading	School Meals: Processed Food
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government what steps, if any, they plan to take in response to the study in the journal Nutrients, published on 21 July, which found that ultraprocessed food consisted of 82 per cent of the calories in packed school lunches and 64 per cent in school meals, with calories provided by these foods being 61 per cent of primary pupils' diets and 77 per cent of secondary pupils'.
tabling member printed	Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle
uin	HL1991
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 01/08/2022 answer text <p>A diet high in processed foods is often high in calories, salt, saturated fat and sugar and low in fibre, which is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic diseases. The Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID) is delivering a range of measures to help address the exposure and consumption of food and drink products high in saturated fat, sugar or salt, including restricting the advertising and promotions of these products, and a sugar reduction and wider reformulation programme.</p><p> </p><p>Further to the work being done by OHID, the department encourages all schools to have a whole school approach to healthy eating, promoting healthy eating and providing healthy, tasty and nutritious food and drink. Compliance with the school food standards is mandatory for all maintained schools, including academies and free schools. The Requirements for School Food Regulations 2014 is available here: <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/1603/contents/made" target="_blank">https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/1603/contents/made</a>.</p><p> </p><p>Schools may use the school food standards as a guide when writing their packed lunch policies. For example, confectionery is banned throughout the school day and foods high in salt, sugar and fat are restricted. Schools can also confiscate items that are banned by the school rules. More information is available here: <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/searching-screening-and-confiscation" target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/searching-screening-and-confiscation</a>.</p><p> </p><p>The department also wants to make it easier for parents to feel confident that they are preparing healthy, balanced lunches for their children. Further information such as recipes, tips and swap suggestions for parents are available on the Change4Life website, which is available here: <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/change4life-beta/healthier-lunchboxes" target="_blank">https://www.nhs.uk/change4life-beta/healthier-lunchboxes</a>.</p><p> </p><p> </p> answering member printed Baroness Barran question first answered 01/08/2022 13:55:26 answering member 4703 label Biography information for Baroness Barran
tabling member	4719 label Biography information for Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle

1491782

registered interest
date	21/07/2022
answering body	Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
answering dept id	208
answering dept short name	Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
answering dept sort name	Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
hansard heading	International Ministerial Conference on Freedom of Religion or Belief
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government by what process the statement from the 2022 International Ministerial Conference on Freedom of Religion or Belief was modified to delete references to “sexual and reproductive health and rights” and “bodily autonomy”.
tabling member printed	Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle
uin	HL1992
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 03/08/2022 answer text <p>The UK is committed to defending and promoting universal and comprehensive sexual and reproductive health and rights and will continue working with other countries to protect gender equality in international agreements. In our capacity as Chair of the event, we amended the statement we made at the Freedom of Religion or Belief (FoRB) Conference to make the final statement more inclusive of all perspectives and views, to allow for a constructive exchange of views on all issues. The UK continues to fund support and lead on issues of gender including on SRHR, through initiatives related to Women, Peace and Security, and Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict.</p> answering member printed Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon question first answered 03/08/2022 12:29:19 answering member 4210 label Biography information for Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon
tabling member	4719 label Biography information for Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle

1491783

registered interest
date	21/07/2022
answering body	COP26
answering dept id	210
answering dept short name	COP26
answering dept sort name	COP26
hansard heading	Climate Change Convention: Egypt
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government what steps they have taken, if any, to ensure that delegates to the COP27 conference in Sharm el Sheik are able to travel by land/sea routes and otherwise minimise carbon emissions from their journeys to and from the conference.
tabling member printed	Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle
uin	HL1993
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 04/08/2022 answer text <p>It is unclear which specific land routes and land transport modes to Sharm el Sheik the Noble Baroness is recommending. To demonstrate our commitment to sustainability, we will continue to offset the carbon emissions associated with COP Unit staff and the COP26 President travelling on official business. This will include travel to COP27.</p><p><br>The ‘COP26 Sustainability Report’ sets out the measures we took to deliver a sustainable summit, including those relating to attendee travel. The ‘Carbon Management Plan: PAS 2060 Qualifying Explanatory Statement’ details our commitment to carbon neutrality and the steps we took to achieve and verify it. Both documents are available to view on the <a href="https://ukcop26.org/the-conference/sustainability/" target="_blank">sustainability section</a> of our website.</p> answering member printed Lord True question first answered 04/08/2022 12:27:35 answering member 4200 label Biography information for Lord True
tabling member	4719 label Biography information for Baroness Bennett of Manor Castle

1491784

registered interest
date	21/07/2022
answering body	Ministry of Defence
answering dept id	11
answering dept short name	Defence
answering dept sort name	Defence
hansard heading	Defence: Artificial Intelligence
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government, whether they will publish an annual list of all AI defence programmes they are working on, including the stage of implementation and the budget for each programme.
tabling member printed	Lord Clement-Jones
uin	HL1997
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 04/08/2022 answer text <p>While Defence is committed to be as transparent as possible about our use of AI technologies, there are no plans at present to publish an annual list of all AI defence programmes due to practical and security reasons.</p><p> </p><p>Defence understands AI as a family of general-purpose technologies with ubiquitous potential applications from the back office to the battlespace. We will publish an AI 'concept playbook&quot; later this year to help partners to understand the areas of Research and Development that we intend to prioritise. However, it is important to understand that in most cases AI will be an enabler for a broader system or capability (e.g. supporting more informed logistics planning) not a capability programme in itself.</p><p> </p><p>Given the range of potential applications, it would not be practical to label and track all sub-elements of projects underway across Defence that include Autonomy or AI. Moreover, in some cases it would not be appropriate to disclose details of Defence capability programmes for security reasons.</p><p> </p> answering member printed Baroness Goldie question first answered 04/08/2022 15:01:39 answering member 4306 label Biography information for Baroness Goldie
tabling member	3396 label Biography information for Lord Clement-Jones

1491785

registered interest
date	21/07/2022
answering body	Ministry of Defence
answering dept id	11
answering dept short name	Defence
answering dept sort name	Defence
hansard heading	Defence: Artificial Intelligence
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government, further to their policy paper Ambitious, Safe, Responsible: Our approach to the delivery of AI enabled capability in Defence, published on 15 June, what steps they are taking to ensure that (1) scientists, (2) developers, and (3) industry, can operate in an environment where there are adequate controls to prevent their research and technology from being used in ways which may be problematic.
tabling member printed	Lord Clement-Jones
uin	HL1998
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 04/08/2022 answer text <p>The Defence AI Strategy (published on 15 June 2022), set out our clear commitment to use AI safely, lawfully and ethically in line with the standards, values and norms of the society we serve. This is critical to promote confidence and trust among our people, our partners and the general public.</p><p> </p><p>We will deliver this commitment through a range of robust people, process and technology measures, including: embedding our AI Ethics Principles throughout the entire capability lifecycle; independent scrutiny and challenge from our AI Ethics Advisory Panel; training to ensure our people understand and can appropriately mitigate AI-related risks; publishing as much information as possible about key safeguards (such as our approach to Test and Evaluation); specifying (including through Early Market Engagement) how and why we will utilise algorithms and applications; and ensuring there are effective pathways for individuals to raise ethical or safety concerns.</p><p> </p><p>As we implement these commitments from the AI Strategy - and the associated 'Ambitious, Safe, Responsible' policy - Defence will continue to be outward facing, working with colleagues across the AI and technology industry to understand concerns and identify and embed best practice safeguards.</p> answering member printed Baroness Goldie question first answered 04/08/2022 15:00:50 answering member 4306 label Biography information for Baroness Goldie
tabling member	3396 label Biography information for Lord Clement-Jones

1491786

registered interest
date	21/07/2022
answering body	Ministry of Defence
answering dept id	11
answering dept short name	Defence
answering dept sort name	Defence
hansard heading	Autonomous Weapons
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government, further to their policy paper Ambitious, Safe, Responsible: Our approach to the delivery of AI enabled capability in Defence, published on 15 June, which says that "We do not rule out incorporating AI within weapon systems" and that real-time human supervision of such systems "may act as an unnecessary and inappropriate constraint on operational performance", when this would be seen as a constraint; and whether they can provide assurance that the UK's weapon systems will remain under human supervision at the point when any decision to take a human life is made.
tabling member printed	The Lord Bishop of Oxford
uin	HL2032
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 04/08/2022 answer text <p>The 'Ambitious, Safe, Responsible' policy sets out that the Ministry of Defence opposes the creation and use of AI enabled weapon systems which operate without meaningful and context-appropriate human involvement throughout their lifecycle. This involvement could take the form of real-time human supervision, or control exercised through the setting of a system's operational parameters.</p><p> </p><p>We believe that Human-Machine teaming delivers the best outcomes in terms of overall effectiveness. However, in certain cases it may be appropriate to exert rigorous human control over AI-enabled systems through a range of safeguards, process and technical controls without always requiring some form of real-time human supervision. For example, in the context of defending a maritime platform against hypersonic weapons, defensive systems may need to be able to detect incoming threats and open fire faster than a human could react.</p><p> </p><p>In all cases, human responsibility for the use of AI must be clearly established, and that responsibility underpinned by a clear and consistent articulation of the means by which human control is exercised across the system lifecycle, including the nature and limitations of that control.</p> answering member printed Baroness Goldie question first answered 04/08/2022 15:05:03 answering member 4306 label Biography information for Baroness Goldie
tabling member	4279 label Biography information for The Lord Bishop of Oxford

1491787

registered interest
date	21/07/2022
answering body	Ministry of Defence
answering dept id	11
answering dept short name	Defence
answering dept sort name	Defence
hansard heading	Autonomous Weapons: Treaties
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government, further to their policy paper Ambitious, Safe, Responsible: Our approach to the delivery of AI enabled capability in Defence, published on 15 June, which states that weapons that identify, select and attack targets without context-appropriate human involvement "are not acceptable", whether they will be supporting the negotiation of a legally binding international instrument that both (1) prohibits autonomous weapons that identify, select and attack targets without context-appropriate human involvement, and (2) regulates other autonomous weapons systems to ensure meaningful human control over the use of force.
tabling member printed	The Lord Bishop of Oxford
uin	HL2033
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 04/08/2022 answer text <p>The UK does not support calls for further legally binding rules that prohibit autonomous weapons that identify, select and attack targets without context-appropriate human involvement and regulate other autonomous systems. International Humanitarian Law already provides a robust, principle-based framework for the regulation of development and use of all weapons systems including weapons that contain autonomous functions.</p><p> </p><p>Without international consensus on the definitions or characteristics of weapons with levels of autonomy, a legal instrument would have to ban undefined systems, which would present difficulties in the application of any such ban and which could severely impact legitimate research and development of AI or autonomous technologies.</p> answering member printed Baroness Goldie question first answered 04/08/2022 15:05:51 answering member 4306 label Biography information for Baroness Goldie
tabling member	4279 label Biography information for The Lord Bishop of Oxford

1491788

registered interest
date	21/07/2022
answering body	Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
answering dept id	201
answering dept short name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
answering dept sort name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
hansard heading	Carbon Emissions
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government, further to the data presented in the Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener, published on 19 October 2021, showing that they anticipate the UK emitting 2073 MtCO2e over the period covered by Carbon Budget 4 (2023–2027), how they intend to meet their binding commitment of 1950 MTCO2e set out in the Carbon Budget Order 2011.
tabling member printed	Baroness Sheehan
uin	HL2044
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 27/07/2022 answer text <p>The Government’s Net Zero Strategy sets out a decarbonisation pathway to meet all carbon budgets. The figure quoted includes emissions from international aviation and shipping, which are not in scope for Carbon Budget 4 (CB4). Table 9 of the technical annex shows emissions contributing to CB4 (which does not include international aviation and shipping emissions) would be 359 MtCO2e on average per year, equivalent to 1793 MtCO2e over the five-year budget. This figure also uses the global warming potential methodology which was agreed internationally at COP 26.</p> answering member printed Lord Callanan question first answered 27/07/2022 15:22:02 answering member 4336 label Biography information for Lord Callanan
tabling member	4548 label Biography information for Baroness Sheehan

1491789

registered interest
date	21/07/2022
answering body	Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
answering dept id	201
answering dept short name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
answering dept sort name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
hansard heading	Carbon Emissions
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government whether clause 111 of the Energy Bill, which seeks to amend the definition of carbon removals in section 29 of the Climate Change Act 2008, would allow the meeting of emission reductions targets by the purchase of offsets or other traded instruments.
tabling member printed	Baroness Sheehan
uin	HL2045
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 27/07/2022 answer text <p>The clause does not have this effect. The intention behind clause 111 is to broaden the definition of “removals” of greenhouse gases beyond nature-based greenhouse gas removal methods (GGRs), such as tree planting, to include those achieved by engineered GGRs, such as Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage.</p><p> </p><p>The Government does not currently intend to purchase offsets to set towards its carbon budgets, although it has retained the option to do so in the future if appropriate, as permitted by the Climate Change Act 2008.</p> answering member printed Lord Callanan question first answered 27/07/2022 15:23:33 answering member 4336 label Biography information for Lord Callanan
tabling member	4548 label Biography information for Baroness Sheehan

1491790

registered interest
date	21/07/2022
answering body	Department for Transport
answering dept id	27
answering dept short name	Transport
answering dept sort name	Transport
hansard heading	Airports: Standards
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government what steps they are taking to ensure the continued resilience of UK airports for both (1) passengers, and (2) freight operators.
tabling member printed	Viscount Waverley
uin	HL2050
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 29/07/2022 answer text <p>We have been extensively engaging with industry at both ministerial and official level since the beginning of the year. During these meetings we have been clear that the volume delays and late notice cancellations are unacceptable, and airlines must have realistic schedules they can deliver.</p><p> </p><p>On 30 June, the Secretary of State announced 22 measures the Government is taking to support the aviation industry, including: to help recruit and train staff; ensure the delivery of a realistic summer schedule through a slots amnesty; minimise disruption; and support passengers when delays and cancellations are unavoidable. We are now clear that industry needs to manage their operations effectively.</p><p> </p><p>The Aviation Minister is also chairing a Strategic Risk Group which meets weekly to bring together senior executives from across the sector to highlight issues, assess mitigations, and encourage collaborative working.</p> answering member printed Baroness Vere of Norbiton question first answered 29/07/2022 12:00:42 answering member 4580 label Biography information for Baroness Vere of Norbiton
tabling member	1744 label Biography information for Viscount Waverley