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<p>The department has reviewed and uses cost estimates published by Frontier Economics
in 2022.</p><p>A study by Frontier Economics estimated that in 2021 obesity related
ill-health cost the National Health Service £6.5 billion annually. This estimate includes
costs associated with the following obesity related diseases: colorectal cancer; oesophageal
cancer; kidney cancer; ovarian cancer; pancreatic cancer; coronary heart disease;
stroke; type 2 diabetes; hypertension; knee osteoarthritis; endometrial cancer, and
breast cancer.</p><p>The disease costs associated with obesity are calculated from
the total annual costs per case, as shown in the following table:</p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>Disease</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>Cost
per case per year (2021)</strong></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>(1) Type 2 diabetes</p></td><td><p>£
827.33</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>(2) Cardiovascular disease - Coronary heart disease
(CHD)</p></td><td><p>£ 1,557.25</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>(2) Cardiovascular disease
- Stroke</p></td><td><p>£ 247.55</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>(2) Risk of Cardiovascular
disease - Hypertension</p></td><td><p>£ 453.91</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>(4) Musculoskeletal
disease - Knee Osteoarthritis</p></td><td><p>£ 27,798.40</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>(5)
Cancer - Colorectal cancer</p></td><td><p>£ 520.13</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>(5) Cancer
- Oesophageal cancer</p></td><td><p>£ 545.06</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>(5) Cancer -
Kidney cancer</p></td><td><p>£ 1,662.88</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>(5) Cancer - Ovarian
cancer</p></td><td><p>£ 14,990.93</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>(5) Cancer - Pancreatic
cancer</p></td><td><p>£ 7,447.27</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>(5) Cancer - Endometrial
cancer</p></td><td><p>£ 520.13</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>(5) Cancer - Breast cancer</p></td><td><p>£
545.06</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p>The annual costs per case includes
direct health-care costs including hospital care (both inpatient and outpatient),
primary care, and medication, and they are not exclusively related to obesity associated
cases. Indirect and social care costs are not included, which means the exclusion
of these costs will probably underestimate total costs of disease events overall.</p>
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