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<p>Nature-friendly farming is fundamental to our new approach to England’s agricultural
system. We want to create new business opportunities alongside producing the great
British food we all rely on, by paying farmers to adopt more environmentally sustainable
farming practices and enhance our natural capital. [45117]</p><p> </p><p>Our Environmental
Land Management (ELM) scheme will be the cornerstone of our new agricultural policy.
Founded on the principle of “public money for public goods”, ELM is intended to provide
a powerful vehicle for achieving the goals of the 25 Year Environment Plan and commitment
to net zero emissions by 2050, while supporting our rural economy.</p><p> </p><p>Farmers
and other land managers may enter into agreements to be paid for delivering the following
public goods set out in the 25 Year Environment Plan:</p><p> </p><ul><li>clean air;</li><li>clean
and plentiful water;</li><li>thriving plants and wildlife;</li><li>protection from
and mitigation of environmental hazards;</li><li>mitigation of and adaptation to climate
change;</li><li>beauty, heritage and engagement with the natural environment.</li></ul><p>
</p><p>Where nature-based solutions contribute towards the delivery of these public
goods, they may be funded by ELM. We will determine in more detail what ELM will pay
for as we further develop the scheme and are engaging with stakeholders to inform
this.</p><p> </p><p>The ELM scheme is being designed collaboratively with stakeholders.
We are considering how more environmentally-sustainable farming approaches, including
organic farming and agro-ecological approaches, may fit within ELM where these contribute
towards the delivery of environmental public goods.</p><p> </p><p>Meanwhile, Countryside
Stewardship (CS) provides a stepping stone to the future scheme, paying for environmental
enhancements now as area-based payments are phased out.</p><p> </p><p>CS supports
Defra’s Strategic Objective of ‘a cleaner, healthier environment, benefitting people
and the economy’. Through the scheme, farmers can apply for funding to improve their
local environment – from restoring wildlife habitats and creating woodlands to managing
flood risk.</p><p> </p><p>We will continue to offer CS agreements in 2021, 2022 and
2023.</p><p> </p><p>However, because CS is insufficient in scale to deliver the ambitious
goals of the 25 Year Environment Plan, it will eventually be replaced with the new
ELM scheme.</p><p> </p><p>Those signed up to CS who secure a place in the ELM pilot,
or join the scheme when it is fully rolled out, will be able to leave their agreements
at agreed exit points, without penalty. [45118]</p><p> </p><p>a) The merits of agro-ecology
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions:</p><p> </p><p>The Government is committed to taking
action to mitigate climate change and to adapt to its impact. Defra is looking at
ways to reduce agricultural emissions controlled directly within the farm boundary,
considering a broad range of measures including improvements in on-farm efficiency.</p><p>
</p><p>One of the public goods incentivised by ELM will be mitigation and adaption
to climate change. ELM is about giving farmers and land managers an income stream
for the environmental public goods they provide. We are considering how more environmentally-sustainable
farming approaches, including organic farming and agro-ecological approaches, may
fit within ELM.</p><p> </p><p>Additionally, agroforestry can play an important role
in addressing some of the key issues of climate and land use change in England, through
the ecosystem services it provides. Tree planting can provide significant carbon storage
benefits.</p><p> </p><p>b) The merits of agro-ecology to the UK’s food and farming
industry:</p><p> </p><p>Our new approach to the English agricultural system will create
new income opportunities for farmers and land managers, by rewarding them for providing
public goods and adopting more environmentally-sustainable farming practices.</p><p>
</p><p>We know that environmentally-friendly farming and food production can go hand
in hand.</p><p> </p><p>c) The merits of agro-ecology to support a healthy rural economy:</p><p>
</p><p>Our new ELM scheme is intended to provide a powerful vehicle for achieving
the goals of the 25 Year Environment Plan and commitment to net zero emissions by
2050, while supporting our rural economy.</p><p> </p><p>We are committed to co-designing
the ELM scheme with stakeholders to produce the best outcomes for both the environment
and our farmers and managers.</p><p> </p><p>As we continue to design ELM, we will
assess the impact of our proposals on a wide range of things such as the environment,
our rural economies, and on England’s ability to continue to produce food. [45119]</p><p>
</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>
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