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<p>The carbon dioxide and NOx emissions produced by fossil fuel power plants are dependent
on a number of factors including, thermal efficiency, technology type and design,
type and composition of fossil fuel, mode of operation and type of pollution abatement
measures implemented.</p><br /><p>Using published data on the carbon intensity of
different fuel types, combined with estimates for the efficiency of each plant type,
the kg CO<sub>2</sub>e per kWh of electricity generated and per kWh of fuel is provided
in the table below.</p><br /><table><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>Technology / Fuel</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>kg
CO<sub>2</sub>e</strong> <strong>emitted per</strong> <strong>kWh fuel <sup>(1)</sup></strong></p></td><td><p><strong>Efficiency</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>kg
CO<sub>2</sub>e</strong> <strong>emitted per</strong> <strong>kWh electricity generated</strong></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Coal</p></td><td><p>0.308</p></td><td><p>39%
<sup>(2)</sup></p></td><td><p>0.790</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Combined Cycle Turbine
Natural Gas</p></td><td><p>0.184</p></td><td><p>52% <sup>(2)</sup></p></td><td><p>0.354</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Open
Cycle Turbine Natural Gas</p></td><td><p>0.184</p></td><td><p>40% <sup>(2)</sup></p></td><td><p>0.460</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Reciprocating
Engine Natural Gas</p></td><td><p>0.184</p></td><td><p>37% <sup>(3)</sup></p></td><td><p>0.497</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Reciprocating
Engine Diesel (Gas oil)</p></td><td><p>0.271</p></td><td><p>45% <sup>(3)</sup></p></td><td><p>0.602</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p><em>Notes</em></p><p><em>(1)
Source: <a href="http://www.ukconversionfactorscarbonsmart.co.uk/LandingPage.aspx"
target="_blank">http://www.ukconversionfactorscarbonsmart.co.uk/LandingPage.aspx</a>
</em></p><p><em>(2) Source: Emissions Performance Standard Impact Assessments</em></p><p><em>(3)
Source: STOR Carbon Intensity Report, National Grid</em></p><br /><p>Emissions data
on NOx is not readily available but the table below provides the Emission Limit Values
for NOx (mg/Nm<sup>3</sup>) for certain types of fossil fuel plant as set down in
the Industrial Emissions Directive and Medium Combustion Plant Directive. NOx emissions
from some fossil fuel plant will be higher than these limits currently – the timetable
for achieving compliance with the limits and full detail of the conditions and exclusions
relating to the limits is contained within the relevant Directives.</p><br /><table><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>Technology
/ Fuel</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>New plant (mg/Nm3)</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>Existing
plant (mg/Nm<sup>3</sup>)</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>Source</strong></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Coal
> 300MWth</p></td><td><p>200</p></td><td><p>200</p></td><td><p>IED</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Combined
Cycle Gas Turbine</p></td><td><p>50</p></td><td><p>50</p></td><td><p>IED</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Open
Cycle Gas Turbine</p></td><td><p>50</p></td><td><p>50</p></td><td><p>IED</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Reciprocating
Engine Diesel</p></td><td><p>190</p></td><td><p>190</p></td><td><p>MCPD</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Reciprocating
Engine Natural Gas</p></td><td><p>95</p></td><td><p>190</p></td><td><p>MCPD</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p><em>Notes:</em></p><p><em>1.
The limits for coal and gas turbines & engines are not directly comparable as
they are based on different O<sub>2</sub> contents.</em></p>
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