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<p><strong> </strong></p><p> </p><p>The Health and Social Care Information Centre
(HSCIC) has provided data on (a) a count of finished admission episodes (FAEs) where
there was a primary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and the number of FAEs as a rate
per 100,000 of the total number of FAEs and (b) a count of finished consultant episodes
(FCEs) with a primary or secondary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and the number
of FCEs as a rate per 100,000 of the total number FCEs, for the years 2000-01 to 2012-13.</p><p>
</p><p>This is summarised in the following table:</p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p>Year</p></td><td><p>FAEs
with primary diagnosis of "pulmonary embolism"</p></td><td><p>Rate per 100,000
of total FAEs</p></td><td><p>FCEs with primary or secondary diagnosis of "pulmonary
embolism"</p></td><td><p>Rate per 100,000 of total FCEs</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2000-01</p></td><td><p>15,179</p></td><td><p>136.5</p></td><td><p>32,937</p></td><td><p>268.6</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2001-02</p></td><td><p>14,735</p></td><td><p>133.0</p></td><td><p>33,537</p></td><td><p>271.8</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2002-03</p></td><td><p>15,536</p></td><td><p>136.6</p></td><td><p>37,093</p></td><td><p>291.8</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2003-04</p></td><td><p>16,095</p></td><td><p>136.3</p></td><td><p>39,196</p></td><td><p>294.8</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2004-05</p></td><td><p>15,621</p></td><td><p>129.1</p></td><td><p>40,059</p></td><td><p>292.3</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2005-06</p></td><td><p>16,347</p></td><td><p>128.9</p></td><td><p>43,360</p></td><td><p>300.6</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2006-07</p></td><td><p>16,629</p></td><td><p>128.1</p></td><td><p>46,685</p></td><td><p>315.8</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2007-08</p></td><td><p>16,948</p></td><td><p>125.7</p></td><td><p>49,114</p></td><td><p>319.8</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2008-09</p></td><td><p>18,214</p></td><td><p>128.7</p></td><td><p>56,029</p></td><td><p>345.2</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2009-10</p></td><td><p>19,763</p></td><td><p>135.9</p></td><td><p>62,367</p></td><td><p>371.1</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2010-11</p></td><td><p>20,908</p></td><td><p>140.4</p></td><td><p>67,477</p></td><td><p>390.7</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2011-12</p></td><td><p>21,525</p></td><td><p>143.3</p></td><td><p>70,466</p></td><td><p>403.5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2012-13</p></td><td><p>23,578</p></td><td><p>155.7</p></td><td><p>79,058</p></td><td><p>446.3</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p>
</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Public Health England (PHE) collects data on
blood stream infections caused by bacteria (bacteraemia) relating to specific organisms
as part of its mandatory Healthcare Associated Infection surveillance programmes.</p><p>
</p><p>Microbiology laboratories in England, Wales and Northern Ireland also voluntarily
submit data to PHE relating to episodes of bacteraemia and blood stream infections
caused by fungi (fungaemia).</p><p> </p><p>The data summarised in Tables 1-3, taken
from PHE’s mandatory surveillance programmes, represent bacteraemia cases reported
in England resulting from: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Methicillin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and E.coli where comparable data is available. Rates
of all reported cases per 100,000 population are included, where available.</p><p>
</p><table><tbody><tr><td colspan="8"><p>Table 1a: All reported cases of MRSA bacteraemia
(April 2007-March 2014)</p><p> </p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Financial year</p></td><td><p>April
2007 to March 2008</p></td><td><p>April 2008 to March 2009</p></td><td><p>April 2009
to March 2010</p></td><td><p>April 2010 to March 2011</p></td><td><p>April 2011 to
March 2012</p></td><td><p>April 2012 to March 2013</p></td><td><p>April 2013 to March
2014</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Count</p></td><td><p>4,451</p></td><td><p>2,935</p></td><td><p>1,898</p></td><td><p>1,481</p></td><td><p>1,116</p></td><td><p>924</p></td><td><p>862</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Rate
per 100,000 population</p></td><td><p> </p></td><td><p> </p></td><td><p>3.6</p></td><td><p>2.8</p></td><td><p>2.1</p></td><td><p>1.7</p></td><td><p>1.6</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p>
</p><p><em>Note: </em>Data is available at: <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/mrsa-bacteraemia-annual-data"
target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/mrsa-bacteraemia-annual-data</a></p><p>
</p><p> </p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td colspan="4"><p>Table 2: All reported cases
of MSSA bacteraemia (April 2011 - March 2014)</p><p> </p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Financial
year</p></td><td><p>April 2011 to March 2012</p></td><td><p>April 2012 to March 2013</p></td><td><p>April
2013 to March 2014</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Count</p></td><td><p>8,767</p></td><td><p>8,812</p></td><td><p>9,290</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Rate
per 100,000 population</p></td><td><p>16.5</p></td><td><p>16.5</p></td><td><p>17.4</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p>
</p><p><em>Note: </em>Data is available at: <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/mssa-bacteraemia-annual-data"
target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/mssa-bacteraemia-annual-data</a></p><p>
</p><p> </p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td colspan="3"><p>Table 3: All reported cases
of <em>E. coli </em>bacteraemia (April 2012-March 2014)</p><p> </p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Financial
year</p></td><td><p>April 2012 to March 2013</p></td><td><p>April 2013 to March 2014</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Count</p></td><td><p>32,309</p></td><td><p>34,275</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Rate
per 100,000 population</p></td><td><p>60.4</p></td><td><p>64.1</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p>
</p><p><em>Note: </em>Data is available at: <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/escherichia-coli-e-coli-bacteraemia-annual-data"
target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/escherichia-coli-e-coli-bacteraemia-annual-data</a></p><p>
</p><p>The data summarised in Table 4, taken from PHE’s voluntary surveillance database,
represents all voluntarily reported patient episodes involving either bacteraemia
and/or fungaemia for the period of January 2008 to December 2012 in England, Wales
and Northern Ireland.</p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td colspan="6"><p>Table 4: Patient
episodes involving either bacteraemia and/or fungaemia 2008-2012, England, Wales and
Northern Ireland</p><p> </p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Calendar Year</p></td><td><p>2008</p></td><td><p>2009</p></td><td><p>2010</p></td><td><p>2011</p></td><td><p>2012</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Count</p></td><td><p>95,931</p></td><td><p>94,190</p></td><td><p>92,867</p></td><td><p>94,166</p></td><td><p>95,647</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p>
</p><p><em>Note: </em>Data extracted from the Public Health England (PHE) voluntary
surveillance database, LabBase2, on 3 December 2013.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Before
2009, information was not collated on foreign bodies retained after procedures (which
is classed as a ‘never event’) and so we are unable to provide data for the period
prior to 2009.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>In 2009-10, there were nine retained
foreign objects post procedure reported during this period.</p><p> </p><p>In 2010-11,
there were 67 retained foreign object never events reported to Strategic Executive
Information System (STEIS) and 22 reported to the National Reporting and Learning
Service (NRLS).</p><p> </p><p>In 2011-12, there were 161 retained foreign object never
events reported to STEIS and 86 reported to the NRLS in 2011-12.</p><p> </p><p>In
2012-13, there were 130 retained foreign object never events reported to STEIS and
124 reported to the NRLS in 2012-13 (please note incidents are potentially reported
to both systems but the exact degree of overlap of reported incidents during the period
2010-11 and 2011-12 is unclear).</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Since April 2013 reports
made to the NRLS and STEIS have been directly reconciled to provide a single total
and provisional data published by NHS England shows 123 retained object never events
were reported in 2013-14 and 44 in the six months to September 2014:</p><p> </p><p>
</p><p> </p><p><a href="http://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/patientsafety/never-events/ne-data/"
target="_blank">http://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/patientsafety/never-events/ne-data/</a></p><p>
</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Methods for identifying and collating the data from two systems
(NRLS and STEIS) have changed over the years, with specific reporting fields for Never
events replacing keyword searches, and year-end attempts to reconcile events reported
in both systems replaced with direct communication as and when incidents were reported.
This is a further reason why events from the earlier years are not directly comparable.
The numbers of Never Events reported for 2010-11 and 2011-12 were reported in Annex
A of the ‘<em>The never events policy framework: An update to the never events policy</em>’</p><p>
</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/213046/never-events-policy-framework-update-to-policy.pdf"
target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/213046/never-events-policy-framework-update-to-policy.pdf</a></p><p>
</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>It should be noted that the updated policy expanded the list
of never events from 8 to 25 in 2012 and the detail of definitions of retained foreign
objects was also clarified in The never events list; 2013/14 update:</p><p> </p><p>
</p><p> </p><p><a href="http://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/nev-ev-list-1314-clar.pdf"
target="_blank">http://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/nev-ev-list-1314-clar.pdf</a>.</p><p>
</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Note numbers in different years are not directly comparable
due to these definitional changes.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>
</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p> </p>
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