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785851

registered interest
date	07/11/2017
answering body	Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
answering dept id	13
answering dept short name	Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
answering dept sort name	Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
hansard heading	Bracken
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government what measures they are taking to achieve a reduction in the amount of open countryside covered by bracken.
tabling member printed	Lord Greaves
uin	HL2999
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 20/11/2017 answer text <p>Through our agri-environment schemes we encourage farmers and land managers to look after and manage their local environments. These agreements support a number of management actions, including bracken control. Currently 881 agreements specifically include action that helps control bracken. This covers 16,527 hectares of land.</p> answering member printed Lord Gardiner of Kimble question first answered 20/11/2017 11:24:38 answering member 4161 label Biography information for Lord Gardiner of Kimble
tabling member	2569 label Biography information for Lord Greaves

785856

registered interest
date	07/11/2017
answering body	Department for Education
answering dept id	60
answering dept short name	Education
answering dept sort name	Education
hansard heading	Children and Young People: Internet
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government what steps they are taking to ensure that children and young people who view disturbing or hate-filled material online, or otherwise digitally, are encouraged to report such material to parents, teachers or other responsible adults.
tabling member printed	Lord Hylton
uin	HL3004
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 20/11/2017 answer text <p>The government is committed to ensuring that children and young people stay safe online. On 11 October, the government published its Internet Safety Strategy green paper, attached, setting out plans for keeping all users safe. The Internet Safety Strategy outlines the crucial role that education will play in improving children’s safety online and the importance of digital literacy.</p><p> </p><p>When carrying out their duties to safeguard and promote the welfare of children, schools and colleges must have regard to the Keeping Children Safe in Education statutory guidance. The guidance, attached, was updated in September 2016 to include, for the first time, a section covering online safety, including the requirement for schools and colleges to ensure appropriate filters and monitoring systems are in place. It also changed the emphasis from schools and colleges “considering” teaching about safeguarding (including online) to “ensuring” children are taught about safeguarding (including online).</p><p> </p><p>As part of the computing curriculum pupils in primary and secondary schools are taught to identify inappropriate and unacceptable content and contact, and a range of ways to report concerns about this.</p><p> </p><p>Education institutions are under a specific duty to have due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism (the Prevent duty). To support schools in this duty, the government published comprehensive advice and resource materials on the Educate Against Hate website, available at: <a href="https://educateagainsthate.com/" target="_blank">https://educateagainsthate.com/</a>. The website signposts to support provided by leading partners, such as the NSPCC and the UK Safer Internet Centre to help keep children and young people safe from the risk of online radicalisation. It includes advice on how to report online material promoting terrorism or extremism.</p><p> </p><p>Higher and further education providers covered by the Prevent duty are required to understand and manage the potential risk posed by online material. This may include IT filtering or monitoring, or putting in place alternative measures. To support this activity and further protect young people online, the Department for Education has also funded a range of training material across Higher and Further education to raise awareness of the risk posed by online radicalisers and extremist content, and the support available to students and providers in responding to this.</p> answering member printed Lord Agnew of Oulton attachment 1 file name Keeping_children_safe_in_education.pdf title Keeping Children Safe in Education 2 file name Internet_Safety_Strategy_green_paper.docx title Internet Safety Strategy - green paper question first answered 20/11/2017 11:35:28 answering member 4689 label Biography information for Lord Agnew of Oulton
tabling member	2018 label Biography information for Lord Hylton

785859

registered interest
date	07/11/2017
answering body	Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
answering dept id	13
answering dept short name	Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
answering dept sort name	Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
hansard heading	Agriculture: Sustainable Development
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the contribution made by woodland creation and hedgerow planting to sustainable farming.
tabling member printed	Baroness Kennedy of Cradley
uin	HL3007
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 20/11/2017 answer text <p>Woodland and hedgerows make an important contribution to sustainable farming. Woodland mitigates climate change, supports biodiversity, improves soil quality, prevents flooding and provides a shelterbelt for farm land. Hedgerows help enhance biodiversity and prevent soil erosion and run-off from fields, provide shelter, control livestock, and protect crops from the wind. They help define the character of the English landscape and many have historical significance as they mark ancient boundaries.</p><p> </p><p>English farmers can create woodland, plant trees and manage hedgerows with Rural Development Programme funding from the Countryside Stewardship Scheme. Funding through Rural Development Programmes between 2007 and 2017 has created over 18,500 hectares of woodland and nearly 6,000 kilometres of new hedgerows.</p> answering member printed Lord Gardiner of Kimble question first answered 20/11/2017 11:24:03 answering member 4161 label Biography information for Lord Gardiner of Kimble
tabling member	4303 label Biography information for Baroness Kennedy of Cradley

785867

registered interest
date	07/11/2017
answering body	Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
answering dept id	13
answering dept short name	Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
answering dept sort name	Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
hansard heading	Food: Waste
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the local government schemes to manage food waste and reduce the amount that goes into landfill.
tabling member printed	Lord Kennedy of Southwark
uin	HL3015
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 20/11/2017 answer text <p>We do not hold details of the amount of food waste that goes to landfill, however the levels of biodegradable municipal waste sent to landfill, which includes food waste, has continued to reduce and in 2015 was 7.7 million tonnes.</p><p> </p><p>Local authorities play an important role in helping people reduce household food waste, and identifying the business opportunities within a more efficient and circular economy in their area. Local authorities representing more than 42% of the UK’s population are currently signatories to the Courtauld Commitment 2025, which includes a target to reduce UK per capital food waste by 20%. Reductions in food waste arisings offers a significant reduction in waste collection and disposal costs for authorities, as well as savings for households.</p><p> </p><p>Half of local authorities in England offer a kerbside collection service for food waste, which will be sent either to in-vessel composting or anaerobic digestion. In-vessel composting and anaerobic digestion provide significant carbon saving over sending food waste to landfill. In 2015 WRAP published a review of the effectiveness of measures to increase food waste collection and updated guidance on measures local authorities could take to increase capture of food waste.</p><p> </p><p>The Government is committed to reducing the diversion of food waste to landfill and in the Clean Growth Strategy we announced a target of working towards no food waste entering landfill by 2030. Further details on this will be published in the Resources and Waste Strategy in 2018.</p><p> </p> answering member printed Lord Gardiner of Kimble question first answered 20/11/2017 11:21:31 answering member 4161 label Biography information for Lord Gardiner of Kimble
tabling member	4153 label Biography information for Lord Kennedy of Southwark

785868

registered interest
date	07/11/2017
answering body	Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
answering dept id	13
answering dept short name	Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
answering dept sort name	Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
hansard heading	Nitrogen Dioxide
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government which places in the UK have had the highest levels of nitrogen dioxide exceedance of agreed EU limits in each year since 1997 for which records are held; and how many times the World Health Organisation's guideline for PM 2.5 has been exceeded.
tabling member printed	Lord Kennedy of Southwark
uin	HL3016
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 20/11/2017 answer text <p>Between 1997 and 2000 inclusive, the limit value for hourly mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide was 200 µg/m<sup>3</sup> and could only be exceeded for two percent of the calendar year for any monitoring site. This limit was determined by the Council Directive on air quality standards for nitrogen dioxide (85/203/EEC). All air quality monitoring sites for nitrogen dioxide were compliant with the limit value between 1997 and 2000.</p><p> </p><p>Under the First Daughter Directive (1999/30/EC) and Air Quality Directive (2008/50/EC), the limit value for hourly mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations is 200 µg/m<sup>3</sup> and Member States are allowed to exceed this limit for a maximum of 18 hours per calendar year. The monitoring sites with the greatest number of hours in exceedance of this limit by year are displayed in the table below (site measurements are available on the UK-AIR website):</p><p> </p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>Year</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>Assessment area</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>Monitoring site</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>Hours with NO<sub>2</sub> concentration &gt; 200 µgm<sup>-3</sup></strong></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2001</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>London Marylebone Road</p></td><td><p>60</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2002</p></td><td><p>Glasgow Urban Area</p></td><td><p>Glasgow Kerbside</p></td><td><p>38</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2003</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>London Marylebone Road</p></td><td><p>471</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2004</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>London Marylebone Road</p></td><td><p>542</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2005</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>London Marylebone Road</p></td><td><p>853</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2006</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>London Marylebone Road</p></td><td><p>686</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2007</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>London Marylebone Road</p></td><td><p>458</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2008</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>London Marylebone Road</p></td><td><p>822</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2009</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>London Marylebone Road</p></td><td><p>486</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2010</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>London Marylebone Road</p></td><td><p>539</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2011</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>London Marylebone Road</p></td><td><p>229</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2012</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>London Marylebone Road</p></td><td><p>132</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2013</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>London Marylebone Road</p></td><td><p>60</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2014</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>London Marylebone Road</p></td><td><p>60</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2015</p></td><td><p>South Wales</p></td><td><p>Hafod-yr-ynys Roadside</p></td><td><p>108</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2016</p></td><td><p>South Wales</p></td><td><p>Hafod-yr-ynys Roadside</p></td><td><p>126</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p> </p><p>The limit value for annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations is 40 µg/m<sup>3</sup>. Assessment is made using a mixture of monitoring site data, modelling of major roadside concentrations in urban areas and modelling of background concentrations. The maximum annual mean concentration of nitrogen dioxide and its location in the UK are displayed in the table below (monitoring and modelling data can be found on the UK-AIR website):</p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>Year</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>Assessment area</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>Location</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>Annual mean NO<sub>2</sub> concentration (µg/m<sup>3</sup>)</strong></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2001</p></td><td><p>Central Scotland</p></td><td><p>Modelled background location east of Glasgow (close to A73 and B803)</p></td><td><p>95</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2002</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A3211 (between City of London boundary and A201 Blackfriars Bridge junction)</p></td><td><p>87</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2003</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A501 (between Marylebone High St and A4201 junctions)</p></td><td><p>109</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2004</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A40 (between Portman St and Duke St junctions)</p></td><td><p>113</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2005</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A40 (between Portman St and Duke St junctions)</p></td><td><p>184</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2006</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A40 (between Portman St and Duke St junctions)</p></td><td><p>168</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2007</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A40 (between Marble Arch and Portman St junctions)</p></td><td><p>155</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2008</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A40 (between Marble Arch and Portman St junctions)</p></td><td><p>182</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2009</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A40 (between Portman St and Duke St junctions)</p></td><td><p>163</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2010</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A40 (between Portman St and Duke St junctions)</p></td><td><p>170</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2011</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A40 (between Portman St and Duke St junctions)</p></td><td><p>136</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2012</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A302 (between A3217 and A4 junctions)</p></td><td><p>152</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2013</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A4 (between A315/A3216 and Hyde Park Corner junctions)</p></td><td><p>126</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2014</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A40 (between A4206 and A5/A501 junctions)</p></td><td><p>119</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2015</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A3211 (between A100 junction and Tower Hamlets boundary)</p></td><td><p>115</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2016</p></td><td><p>Greater London Urban Area</p></td><td><p>A3211 (between Arthur St and Fish St Hill junctions)</p></td><td><p>102</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p>The UK is compliant with the Air Quality Directive and its predecessors regarding concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. All areas of the UK had maximum annual mean concentrations less than 20 µg/m<sup>3</sup> in 2016 (the limit value set by the European Union); but in every year some areas across the UK have exceed the WHO guideline of 10 µg/m<sup>3</sup> annual mean and a 24-hour mean of 25 µg/m<sup>3</sup>. Weighting the concentrations according to where the population lives gives annual mean concentrations which are less than the WHO guideline (9 µg/m<sup>3</sup> in 2016).</p><p> </p> answering member printed Lord Gardiner of Kimble question first answered 20/11/2017 11:28:27 answering member 4161 label Biography information for Lord Gardiner of Kimble
tabling member	4153 label Biography information for Lord Kennedy of Southwark

785894

registered interest
date	07/11/2017
answering body	Department for Education
answering dept id	60
answering dept short name	Education
answering dept sort name	Education
hansard heading	Pupil Exclusions
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government what action they have taken in response to the report by the Children's Commissioner of March 2013, They Go the Extra Mile: Reducing inequality in school exclusions, in particular with regard to recommendations 2, 4 and 10.
tabling member printed	Lord Watson of Invergowrie
uin	HL3042
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 20/11/2017 answer text <p>All children are entitled to a good education, regardless of their circumstances. As the Commissioner’s report of March 2013 set out, the issues that underlie the disparity seen in school exclusions are complex.</p><p> </p><p>The department collects and publishes data on the use of exclusion, including by type of school, and by pupil characteristic.</p><p> </p><p>The exclusions guidance ‘Exclusion from maintained schools, Academies and pupil referral units in England’, attached, is clear that all schools should consider what extra support might be needed to identify and address the needs of children from groups with disproportionally high rates of exclusion, in order to reduce their risk of exclusion.</p><p> </p><p>There are also safeguards in place to ensure that schools meet the duties described in this guidance. Head teachers’ exclusion decisions can be reviewed by the school governing body. If a parent believes that their child has been excluded from school without regard to the guidance, they should complain through the official school complaint procedure with the governing body. Ofsted assess a school’s use of exclusion, including the rates, patterns and reasons for exclusion, as well as any differences between groups of pupils as part of their inspection of schools.</p><p> </p><p>The Government recently announced an externally led review of exclusions practice and implications for pupil groups disproportionately represented in the national statistics. The review will consider how schools use exclusion and how this impacts on all pupils, but particularly why some groups of children are more likely to be excluded from school. The department will publish full details of the review, including how views can be submitted, in due course.</p> answering member printed Lord Agnew of Oulton question first answered 20/11/2017 11:31:29 answering member 4689 label Biography information for Lord Agnew of Oulton attachment 1 file name 20170831_Exclusion_Stat_guidance_Web_version.pdf title Exclusion From Maintained Schools, Academies and..
tabling member	1241 label Biography information for Lord Watson of Invergowrie

785899

registered interest
date	07/11/2017
answering body	Department for Education
answering dept id	60
answering dept short name	Education
answering dept sort name	Education
hansard heading	Schools
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government what is their definition of a school.
tabling member printed	Lord Watson of Invergowrie
uin	HL3047
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 20/11/2017 answer text <p>In section 4 of the Education Act 1996, the principal definition of a “school” is “an educational institution which is outside the further education sector and the higher education sector and is an institution for providing primary or secondary education or both types of education.”</p> answering member printed Lord Agnew of Oulton question first answered 20/11/2017 11:32:14 answering member 4689 label Biography information for Lord Agnew of Oulton
tabling member	1241 label Biography information for Lord Watson of Invergowrie

784662

registered interest
date	06/11/2017
answering body	HM Treasury
answering dept id	14
answering dept short name	Treasury
answering dept sort name	CaTreasury
hansard heading	National Insurance Credits
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government what is their estimate of the number of women who are not claiming Child Benefit due to a parent earning above £50,000 and who do not receive the credit for National Insurance State Pension each year.
tabling member printed	Baroness Altmann
uin	HL2880
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 20/11/2017 answer text <p>Child Benefit can help some claimants qualify for National Insurance credits. These credits count towards their State Pension and protect it by making sure they don’t have gaps in their National Insurance record.</p><p> </p><p>HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) ensures that individuals have the information they need to make well-informed choices about their pension position and Child Benefit. HMRC provides specific information on the Child Benefit claim form, through the HMRC helpline, online at gov.uk, through partners such as Citizen’s Advice, and in the Bounty Packs that go to new parents.</p><p> </p><p>However, some people may choose not to claim Child Benefit. HMRC does not have an estimate of the number of people whose state pension entitlements are affected by their decision not to claim.</p> answering member printed Lord Bates question first answered 20/11/2017 11:36:31 answering member 1091 label Biography information for Lord Bates
tabling member	4533 label Biography information for Baroness Altmann

784666

registered interest
date	06/11/2017
answering body	Department for Education
answering dept id	60
answering dept short name	Education
answering dept sort name	Education
hansard heading	Schools: Asbestos
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government what recent assessment they have made of the danger of asbestos in schools; what advice they give to schools and local authorities about its safe removal; and how many deaths of (1) teachers, (2) students, and (3) others, who may have contracted mesothelioma or other asbestos-related diseases while in school buildings, there have been in each of the last ten years.
tabling member printed	Lord Alton of Liverpool
uin	HL2884
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 20/11/2017 answer text <p>The department takes the issue of asbestos in schools seriously, and is committed to supporting schools, local councils and academy trusts to fulfil their duty to manage asbestos safely. If managed carefully, the presence of asbestos in schools does not pose a risk to staff or pupils. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) advise that as long as asbestos-containing materials are undamaged, encapsulated and not in locations where they are vulnerable to damage, they should be managed in situ.</p><p> </p><p>In February 2017 the department published a report of a survey of asbestos management in schools. Approximately 25% of schools in England responded to the survey. Of the 83% of schools with asbestos present: 98% had an asbestos management survey; 97% had an asbestos register; and 97% reported that they had processes and procedures in place to prevent disturbance of asbestos in the education estate. We plan in future to seek written assurance from all duty holders that their schools are compliant with existing legislation and guidance on the management of asbestos in schools.</p><p> </p><p>In February 2017 the department also published updated guidance, which provides information on action duty holders should take in order to prevent pupils and staff being exposed to asbestos. The guidance makes clear that the removal of asbestos should take place only if asbestos containing materials are in poor condition and advises on the risks of unsafe removal. It advises on actions that duty holders must take where work is carried out on the premises which might disturb asbestos containing materials (including asbestos removal).</p><p> </p><p>The Government has committed more than £10 billion over 2016-2021 to rebuild, expand and maintain the school estate. Over time it is expected that this programme of work will eradicate asbestos in the education estate. The department directly funds the removal of asbestos through schemes such as the Priority Schools Building Programme and provides capital funding for asbestos management and removal where appropriate for schools that have identified that asbestos is in poor condition or poses a high risk of deterioration.</p><p> </p><p>Data on the number of deaths of (1) teachers, (2) students, and (3) others, who may have contracted mesothelioma or other asbestos-related diseases while in school buildings is not collected by the department. The HSE publish information, copy attached, on their website on asbestos-related deaths, available at: <a href="http://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/causdis/asbestos.htm" target="_blank">http://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/causdis/asbestos.htm</a>.</p> answering member printed Lord Agnew of Oulton question first answered 20/11/2017 11:39:43 answering member 4689 label Biography information for Lord Agnew of Oulton attachment 1 file name Asbestos Related Disease.pdf title Asbestos Related Disease
tabling member	738 label Biography information for Lord Alton of Liverpool

782428

registered interest
date	02/11/2017
answering body	Ministry of Justice
answering dept id	54
answering dept short name	Justice
answering dept sort name	Justice
hansard heading	Alternatives to Prison: Mothers
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of promoting the use of community-based sentences as a first option for offences that presently require custodial sentences, in order to ensure that mothers are not separated from their children.
tabling member printed	Baroness Healy of Primrose Hill
uin	HL2851
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 20/11/2017 answer text <p>It is important that there are robust community options available to sentencers so that vulnerable women with complex needs, including those with children, are only sent to prison when it is absolutely necessary.</p><p>We are developing a strategy for female offenders to improve outcomes for women in custody and in the community. As part of this work we are already investing £1 million seed funding between 2016 and 2020 to help local areas develop improved, multi-agency approaches to support female offenders in their area.</p><p>Sentences in individual cases are decided by the courts, who take into account guidelines issued by the independent Sentencing Council.</p><p>In February 2017, the Council issued its guideline “Imposition of Community and Custodial and Sentences”, which makes it clear that prison should be reserved for the most serious offences, and that custody should not be imposed where a community order could provide sufficient restriction on an offender’s liberty (by way of punishment) while addressing the rehabilitation of the offender to prevent future crime. The guideline also notes that for offenders on the cusp of custody, imprisonment should not be imposed where there would be an impact on dependants which would make a custodial sentence disproportionate to achieving the aims of sentencing.</p> answering member printed Lord Keen of Elie question first answered 20/11/2017 11:29:56 answering member 4538 label Biography information for Lord Keen of Elie
tabling member	4179 label Biography information for Baroness Healy of Primrose Hill