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<p>The CAA, as the independent safety regulator, has not made an estimate of the scale
of unlawful passenger transport operations.</p><p> </p><p>There are strict rules in
place that require commercial air transport operations to be operated by the holder
of an Air Operator Certificate (AOC) and an Operating Licence (OL). It is an offence
to operate a commercial air transport flight without an AOC or OL.</p><p> </p><p>Since
2016, the CAA’s investigations and enforcement team has received 21 allegations of
illegal public transport. The CAA investigates such allegations and will prosecute
people where there is sufficient evidence, and where it is in the public interest
to do so. The CAA also conducts spot check visits to airfields and public events where
aeroplane and helicopter operations take place, and where it finds evidence that a
flight may have operated illegally it has the power to detain an aircraft and, where
appropriate, take enforcement action.</p>
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