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<p>The DVSA Market Surveillance Unit (MSU) conducts an annual emissions-testing programme
to test vehicle emissions in the real world. Where MSU testing identifies non-compliant
emissions, including suspicions of a prohibited defeat device, DVSA works with the
manufacturer to implement improvement plans.</p><p> </p><p>The results of the MSU
annual emissions-testing programme are made publicly available at <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/dvsa-vehicle-market-surveillance-unit"
target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/dvsa-vehicle-market-surveillance-unit</a>.</p><p>
</p><p>Since 2015, there have been 134 manufacturer recalls or non-code actions involving
a total of 1.85 million vehicles to amend or upgrade emissions systems. Not all action
will have been to address non-compliance. A breakdown of the models by year is as
follows:</p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p>Year</p></td><td><p>Total vehicles within
scope</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2015</p></td><td><p>1,197,340</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2016</p></td><td><p>8,311</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2017</p></td><td><p>7,649</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2018</p></td><td><p>74,660</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2019</p></td><td><p>186,201</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2020</p></td><td><p>114,142</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2021</p></td><td><p>263,027</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2022</p></td><td><p>2,310</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2023</p></td><td><p>4,386</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p>
</p><p> </p><p> </p>
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