{ "format" : "linked-data-api", "version" : "0.2", "result" : {"_about" : "http://eldaddp.azurewebsites.net/answeredquestions.text?answeringDeptShortName=Environment%2C+Food+and+Rural+Affairs&date=2014-06-30", "definition" : "http://eldaddp.azurewebsites.net/meta/answeredquestions.text?answeringDeptShortName=Environment%2C+Food+and+Rural+Affairs&date=2014-06-30", "extendedMetadataVersion" : "http://eldaddp.azurewebsites.net/answeredquestions.text?answeringDeptShortName=Environment%2C+Food+and+Rural+Affairs&date=2014-06-30&_metadata=all", "first" : "http://eldaddp.azurewebsites.net/answeredquestions.text?answeringDeptShortName=Environment%2C+Food+and+Rural+Affairs&date=2014-06-30&_page=0", "hasPart" : "http://eldaddp.azurewebsites.net/answeredquestions.text?answeringDeptShortName=Environment%2C+Food+and+Rural+Affairs&date=2014-06-30", "isPartOf" : "http://eldaddp.azurewebsites.net/answeredquestions.text?answeringDeptShortName=Environment%2C+Food+and+Rural+Affairs&date=2014-06-30", "items" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64605", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64605/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "

<\/p>

The purpose of the structured programme of field observations of controlled shooting and the associated post-mortem examination of carcases was to gather the required evidence to support an assessment of humaneness of controlled shooting, not to test badgers culled for infection with M.bovis<\/em>.<\/p>

<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/2202", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord De Mauley"} } , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Lord De Mauley"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-07-14", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-07-14T13:22:01.9909591Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "13"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-06-30", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Bovine Tuberculosis"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask Her Majesty's Government what proportion of the badgers shot or trapped in the Somerset and Gloucestershire pilot culls were infected with tuberculosis.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/2018", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Hylton"} } , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Hylton"} ], "uin" : "HL688"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64606", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64606/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "

<\/p>

During the pilot badger culls of 2013, the number of contractors employed in Somerset was 107, and 95 in Gloucestershire.<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

As set out in the licences issued by Natural England to each area, the licensees were required to submit details of the persons they wished to be authorised to take or kill badgers. As such, a list of 107 such persons was provided for West Somerset and 95 provided for West Goucestershire. How many of these contractors were deployed or actively engaged in culling operations was and remains an operational matter for the licensees and, as such, this information is not available.<\/p>

<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/2202", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord De Mauley"} } , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Lord De Mauley"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-07-15", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-07-15T17:20:44.8057832Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "13"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-06-30", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Bovine Tuberculosis"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask Her Majesty's Government how many separate contractors were employed in (1) Somerset, and (2) Gloucestershire in the recent badger culls; and how many people were actively engaged in culling in each county.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/2018", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Hylton"} } , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Hylton"} ], "uin" : "HL689"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64607", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64607/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "

As set out in Guidance to Natural England, applications for culling licences were required to have access for culling to at least 70% of the total land area in the application. This is based on evidence from the Randomised Badger Culling Trial. In issuing a licence to each area in autumn 2012, Natural England confirmed that the applications from West Somerset and Gloucestershire had met this condition.<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/2202", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord De Mauley"} } , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Lord De Mauley"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-07-10", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-07-10T12:37:33.2229203Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "13"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-06-30", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Bovine Tuberculosis"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask Her Majesty's Government why it was a requirement that there should be access to only 70 per cent of the land area of the badger culling pilots; and whether that percentage was achieved in each of the two counties involved in the pilots.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/2018", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Hylton"} } , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Hylton"} ], "uin" : "HL690"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64721", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64721/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "

<\/p>

Currently, 13 Defra officials work wholly or partly on aspects of food authenticity. This includes work on food composition and standards, food labelling and related science, including development of methodologies for detecting food authenticity. Defra works closely with the Food Standards Agency which has responsibility for surveillance and enforcement policy.<\/p>

<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/3934", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for George Eustice"} } , "answeringMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Camborne and Redruth"} , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "George Eustice"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-07-07", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-07-07T16:03:25.057956Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "13"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-06-30", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Food: Fraud"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25259", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Commons"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, how many officials in his Department are currently working on food authenticity.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1476", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Huw Irranca-Davies"} } , "tablingMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Ogmore"} , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Huw Irranca-Davies"} ], "uin" : "202971"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64722", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64722/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "

<\/p>

Natural England is the determining body only for appeals relating to breaches of agri-environment agreements. The process for this includes provision for matters to be referred to an independent person or body, nominated by Natural England, for further consideration. There are no plans at present to make an assessment of the level of public confidence in this process.<\/p>

<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/3934", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for George Eustice"} } , "answeringMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Camborne and Redruth"} , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "George Eustice"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-07-03", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-07-03T16:41:11.995259Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "13"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-06-30", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Natural England"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25259", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Commons"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, if he will assess the level of public confidence in Natural England's appeals process.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4095", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Steve Barclay"} } , "tablingMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "North East Cambridgeshire"} , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Stephen Barclay"} ], "uin" : "203038"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64723", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64723/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "

<\/p>

The focus of the work of the Inter-departmental Group for the Valuation of Life and Health has been methodological rather than upon specific measures of value.<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

The value of life and health measures submitted by the Department through discussions at the Inter-departmental Group for the Valuation of Life and Health review referred to Defra's guidance on valuing risk to life from Flooding and the \u201clost life years\u201d estimate associated with reductions in air pollution.<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

A copy of the published Defra guidance has been placed in the House Library.<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/strong><\/p>

<\/p>

The Environment Agency evidence to the Inter-departmental Group for the Valuation of Life and Health review was submitted in March 2008. It did not include any measures of the value of life and health. It did refer to Defra guidance on valuing risk to life, which was under preparation at the time of the review and published in May 2008.<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

A copy of the Environment Agency submission to the Review has been placed in the House Library.<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

Documents provided:<\/p>

<\/p>

Environment Agency, March 2008<\/em>, response to the Inter-Departmental Group for the Valuation of Life and Health Survey.<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

Defra, May 2008<\/em>. Supplementary Note to Operating Authorities, Assessing and Valuing the Risk to Life from Flooding for use in Appraisal of Risk Management Measures.<\/p>

<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1504", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Dan Rogerson"} } , "answeringMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "North Cornwall"} , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Dan Rogerson"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-07-07", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "groupedQuestionUIN" : {"_value" : "203076"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-07-07T11:06:05.4471178Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "13"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-06-30", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Valuation of Life and Health Interdepartmental Group"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25259", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Commons"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what measures of the value of life and health were included in the evidence submitted as part of the Environment Agency's work with the Inter-departmental Group for the Valuation of Life and Health review in 2008.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/427", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Mr Stephen O'Brien"} } , "tablingMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Eddisbury"} , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Mr Stephen O'Brien"} ], "uin" : "203078"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64724", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64724/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "

<\/p>

This response covers Core Defra, Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), the Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), the Food and Environment Research Agency (FERA), the Rural Payments Agency (RPA) and the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD).<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

Defra and its agencies allow the following organisations to collect subscriptions through its payroll services:<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

AXA Sun Life (FERA only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Benenden Healthcare Society<\/p>

<\/p>

Birmingham Hosp Saturday Fund (AHVLA and RPA only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Charitable Giving<\/p>

<\/p>

Charity for Civil Servants<\/p>

<\/p>

Civil Service Benevolent Fund<\/p>

<\/p>

Civil Service Club<\/p>

<\/p>

Civil Service Pension Scheme (inc stakeholder)<\/p>

<\/p>

Civil Service Retirement Fellowship<\/p>

<\/p>

Civil Service Sports Council<\/p>

<\/p>

Commercial Union Life Assurance<\/p>

<\/p>

Customs & Excise Sports Club (core Defra only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Customs Fund Insurance (core Defra only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Cyclescheme (FERA only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Defra Lottery<\/p>

<\/p>

Department of Environment Recreational Association (core Defra only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Dimensions Fitness<\/p>

<\/p>

Fideliti<\/p>

<\/p>

First Division Association<\/p>

<\/p>

Forester Health Plan Scheme<\/p>

<\/p>

General, Municipal & Boilermakers (AHVLA only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Give As You Earn (RPA and CEFAS only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Halfords<\/p>

<\/p>

HAS Crown Plan & Individual (RPA only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Hospital Savings Association<\/p>

<\/p>

Land Registry Sports & Social (VMD only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Leeds Hospital Fund (AHVLA only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Medicash Health Scheme (CEFAS and RPA only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Minerva Sports & Social (VMD only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Prospect<\/p>

<\/p>

Public and Commercial Services Union<\/p>

<\/p>

Simply Health (core Defra and FERA only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Sodexo (FERA only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Sovereign Health Care (core Defra and FERA only)<\/p>

<\/p>

SSA Lottery (CEFAS only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Sun Life Assurance Company<\/p>

<\/p>

Welsh Hospitals (AHVLA only)<\/p>

<\/p>

Welsh Office Sports & Social Association (core Defra only)<\/p>

<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1504", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Dan Rogerson"} } , "answeringMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "North Cornwall"} , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Dan Rogerson"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-07-04", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-07-04T13:11:22.7772159Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "13"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-06-30", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Pay"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25259", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Commons"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, which organisations collect subscriptions through the employers' payroll service in his Department and its agencies.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/523", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Mr Nicholas Brown"} } , "tablingMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Newcastle upon Tyne East"} , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Mr Nicholas Brown"} ], "uin" : "203104"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64725", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64725/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "

<\/p>

The focus of the work of the Inter-departmental Group for the Valuation of Life and Health has been methodological rather than upon specific measures of value.<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

The value of life and health measures submitted by the Department through discussions at the Inter-departmental Group for the Valuation of Life and Health review referred to Defra's guidance on valuing risk to life from Flooding and the \u201clost life years\u201d estimate associated with reductions in air pollution.<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

A copy of the published Defra guidance has been placed in the House Library.<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/strong><\/p>

<\/p>

The Environment Agency evidence to the Inter-departmental Group for the Valuation of Life and Health review was submitted in March 2008. It did not include any measures of the value of life and health. It did refer to Defra guidance on valuing risk to life, which was under preparation at the time of the review and published in May 2008.<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

A copy of the Environment Agency submission to the Review has been placed in the House Library.<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

Documents provided:<\/p>

<\/p>

Environment Agency, March 2008<\/em>, response to the Inter-Departmental Group for the Valuation of Life and Health Survey.<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

Defra, May 2008<\/em>. Supplementary Note to Operating Authorities, Assessing and Valuing the Risk to Life from Flooding for use in Appraisal of Risk Management Measures.<\/p>

<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1504", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Dan Rogerson"} } , "answeringMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "North Cornwall"} , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Dan Rogerson"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-07-07", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "groupedQuestionUIN" : {"_value" : "203078"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-07-07T11:06:05.542645Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "13"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-06-30", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Valuation of Life and Health Interdepartmental Group"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25259", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Commons"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what measures of the value of life and health were included in the evidence submitted as part of his Department's work with the Inter-departmental Group for the Valuation of Life and Health review.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/427", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Mr Stephen O'Brien"} } , "tablingMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Eddisbury"} , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Mr Stephen O'Brien"} ], "uin" : "203076"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64726", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/64726/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "

<\/p>

I refer the Rt. Hon. Member to the reply given on 1 July 2014, Official Report, Column 533-534w.<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

<\/p>

The focus of the work of the Inter-departmental Group for the Valuation of Life and Health has been methodological rather than upon specific measures of value. It has focused upon the appropriate units for the measurement of impacts on life and health risks in different circumstances, and the methodology to be applied to valuation of those units in different contexts. Nevertheless, as a spur to the methodological investigation, an initial survey of monetary valuations of various units of impact by different departments and agencies including case studies was undertaken. This was conducted by the Institute of Transport Studies at the University of Leeds and compiled into a \u201cSurvey of the Value of Life/ Health used in Government Departments\u201d, which has been placed in the Library. In addition, HSE and DfT have already placed in the Library their members' responses to the ITS survey.<\/p>

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The Department uses the methodology most appropriate to the policy question \u2013 for example, whether the policy reduces the risk of a sudden loss of life or whether the policy increases life expectancy.<\/p>

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Air quality affects people's health and their life expectancy, this is reflected in policy appraisal with a \u2018lost life years' methodology employing a value of £29,000 per year of lost life (in 2004 prices). This figure was informed by a 2004 Defra report entitled Valuation of Health Benefits Associated with Reduction in Air Pollution available here http://archive.defra.gov.uk/environment/quality/air/airquality/publications/healthbenefits/airpollution_reduction.pdf<\/a>). The 2004 study did not directly give the £29,000 figure but was instrumental in its adoption.<\/p>

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Alternatively, appraisal of policy that prevents sudden loss of life, such as those relating to flood risk, is supported by published Defra guidance on risk to life of flooding which we provide a copy of. This guidance refers to the Green Book which includes a value of preventing fatality of about £1.145million (in 2000 prices). This estimate is not appropriate in all situations but represents a readily available value of changes in risks of fatalities<\/p>

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The methodology used by the Department is likely to evolve over time as new evidence is developed.<\/p>

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Documents provided:<\/p>

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Defra, May 2008<\/em>. Supplementary Note to Operating Authorities, Assessing and Valuing the Risk to Life from Flooding for use in Appraisal of Risk Management Measures.<\/p>

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