There is no cap on the number of foreign students who can come to the UK so there is no effect on UK export growth from their inclusion in the way the UK measures net migration.
Net migration statistics are produced by the independent Office for National Statistics (ONS). In line with the internationally agreed UN definition, these statistics define a migrant as someone changing their normal place of residence for more than a year. This includes students in net migration in the same way as other migrants are included. Other countries, such as the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand also include students in their net migration figures.
Net migration measures the difference between the number of people coming to the UK and the number leaving, so if students return home after their studies, their impact on long-term net migration will be minimal. The ONS has recently improved its methodology so that it is possible to better identify students in the emigration flows to give a more accurate measure of the contribution of students to overall net migration. In the last year, 124,000 non-EU students came to Britain to stay for more than 12 months, and the ONS estimates that only 50,000 left the country.
All migrants who are in the UK for 12 months or more have an impact on our communities, infrastructure and public services.<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1530", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for James Brokenshire"} } , "answeringMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Old Bexley and Sidcup"} , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "James Brokenshire"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-11-17", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-11-17T16:41:58.577Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Home Office"} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Home Office"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-10-27", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Overseas Students"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25259", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Commons"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what (a) assessment she has made and (b) research he has commissioned on the potential effect on UK export growth of the inclusion of foreign students in the Government's net migration target.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4128", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Chuka Umunna"} } , "tablingMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Streatham"} , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Mr Chuka Umunna"} ], "uin" : "211990"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/101169", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Home Office"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/101169/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
HM Passport Office (HMPO) has a long-standing and productive relationship with the New Zealand Passport Office and meets on a regular basis. HMPO recognise the challenges with getting photos to meet the required international Civil Aviation Organisation security standards and, in addition to working with the New Zealand Passport Office, we have been running user testing sessions to improve the quality of the service. HMPO will ensure any new service is tested extensively before any public launch.
HMPO has regular meetings with representatives from the Photo Marketing Association (PMA); the last meeting was on 23 October 2014. The meetings focus on sharing our plans and to discuss options for providing customers with an appropriate service in the digital age. HMPO will continue to engage with the PMA and through them with the photographic industry to share information about current plans for digital services.
The integrity and security of our passport issuance process is at the heart of HMPO's business model. We are fully committed to our public protection agenda and this extends to all aspects of the application process, across all channels.<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1530", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for James Brokenshire"} } , "answeringMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Old Bexley and Sidcup"} , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "James Brokenshire"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-11-10", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "groupedQuestionUIN" : [{"_value" : "212032"} , {"_value" : "212033"} , {"_value" : "212036"} ], "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "previousAnswerVersion" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/101169/answer/previousversion/25277", "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1530", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for James Brokenshire"} } , "answeringMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Old Bexley and Sidcup"} , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "James Brokenshire"} } , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-11-10T16:34:49.3731783Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Home Office"} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Home Office"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-10-27", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Passports"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25259", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Commons"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, when her Department last met members of the Photo Marketing Association to discuss plans to allow digital pictures to be used in passport applications; and if she will make a statement.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/103", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Sir Paul Beresford"} } , "tablingMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Mole Valley"} , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Sir Paul Beresford"} ], "uin" : "212035"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/101170", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Home Office"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/101170/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
HM Passport Office (HMPO) has a long-standing and productive relationship with the New Zealand Passport Office and meets on a regular basis. HMPO recognise the challenges with getting photos to meet the required international Civil Aviation Organisation security standards and, in addition to working with the New Zealand Passport Office, we have been running user testing sessions to improve the quality of the service. HMPO will ensure any new service is tested extensively before any public launch.
HMPO has regular meetings with representatives from the Photo Marketing Association (PMA); the last meeting was on 23 October 2014. The meetings focus on sharing our plans and to discuss options for providing customers with an appropriate service in the digital age. HMPO will continue to engage with the PMA and through them with the photographic industry to share information about current plans for digital services.
The integrity and security of our passport issuance process is at the heart of HMPO's business model. We are fully committed to our public protection agenda and this extends to all aspects of the application process, across all channels.<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1530", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for James Brokenshire"} } , "answeringMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Old Bexley and Sidcup"} , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "James Brokenshire"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-11-10", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "groupedQuestionUIN" : [{"_value" : "212032"} , {"_value" : "212033"} , {"_value" : "212035"} ], "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "previousAnswerVersion" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/101170/answer/previousversion/25278", "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1530", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for James Brokenshire"} } , "answeringMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Old Bexley and Sidcup"} , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "James Brokenshire"} } , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-11-10T16:34:49.4981687Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Home Office"} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Home Office"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-10-27", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Passports"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25259", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Commons"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what steps her Department plans to take to secure professional photographic industry support and agreement for any proposals to collect digital ID photographs for use in future passport applications.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/103", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Sir Paul Beresford"} } , "tablingMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Mole Valley"} , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Sir Paul Beresford"} ], "uin" : "212036"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/101171", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Home Office"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/101171/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
HM Passport Office (HMPO) has a long-standing and productive relationship with the New Zealand Passport Office and meets on a regular basis. HMPO recognise the challenges with getting photos to meet the required international Civil Aviation Organisation security standards and, in addition to working with the New Zealand Passport Office, we have been running user testing sessions to improve the quality of the service. HMPO will ensure any new service is tested extensively before any public launch.
HMPO has regular meetings with representatives from the Photo Marketing Association (PMA); the last meeting was on 23 October 2014. The meetings focus on sharing our plans and to discuss options for providing customers with an appropriate service in the digital age. HMPO will continue to engage with the PMA and through them with the photographic industry to share information about current plans for digital services.
The integrity and security of our passport issuance process is at the heart of HMPO's business model. We are fully committed to our public protection agenda and this extends to all aspects of the application process, across all channels.<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1530", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for James Brokenshire"} } , "answeringMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Old Bexley and Sidcup"} , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "James Brokenshire"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-11-10", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "groupedQuestionUIN" : [{"_value" : "212033"} , {"_value" : "212035"} , {"_value" : "212036"} ], "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "previousAnswerVersion" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/101171/answer/previousversion/25274", "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1530", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for James Brokenshire"} } , "answeringMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Old Bexley and Sidcup"} , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "James Brokenshire"} } , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-11-10T16:34:49.1388004Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Home Office"} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Home Office"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-10-27", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Passports"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25259", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Commons"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what assessment her Department made of the number of application rejections made by the New Zealand government's digital passport application system before deciding to undertake a trial of a similar system; and what information her Department holds on the number of such rejections.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/103", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Sir Paul Beresford"} } , "tablingMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Mole Valley"} , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Sir Paul Beresford"} ], "uin" : "212032"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/101172", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Home Office"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/101172/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
HM Passport Office (HMPO) has a long-standing and productive relationship with the New Zealand Passport Office and meets on a regular basis. HMPO recognise the challenges with getting photos to meet the required international Civil Aviation Organisation security standards and, in addition to working with the New Zealand Passport Office, we have been running user testing sessions to improve the quality of the service. HMPO will ensure any new service is tested extensively before any public launch.
HMPO has regular meetings with representatives from the Photo Marketing Association (PMA); the last meeting was on 23 October 2014. The meetings focus on sharing our plans and to discuss options for providing customers with an appropriate service in the digital age. HMPO will continue to engage with the PMA and through them with the photographic industry to share information about current plans for digital services.
The integrity and security of our passport issuance process is at the heart of HMPO's business model. We are fully committed to our public protection agenda and this extends to all aspects of the application process, across all channels.<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>
<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1530", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for James Brokenshire"} } , "answeringMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Old Bexley and Sidcup"} , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "James Brokenshire"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-11-10", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "groupedQuestionUIN" : [{"_value" : "212032"} , {"_value" : "212035"} , {"_value" : "212036"} ], "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "previousAnswerVersion" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/101172/answer/previousversion/25275", "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1530", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for James Brokenshire"} } , "answeringMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Old Bexley and Sidcup"} , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "James Brokenshire"} } , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-11-10T16:34:49.2638412Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Home Office"} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Home Office"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-10-27", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Passports"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "1"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25259", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Commons"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department, what plans her Department has to improve security measures for ID photographs for passport applications.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/103", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Sir Paul Beresford"} } , "tablingMemberConstituency" : {"_value" : "Mole Valley"} , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Sir Paul Beresford"} ], "uin" : "212033"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/101174", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Home Office"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/101174/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "