In order to charge and prosecute hate crimes, the CPS uses the legal definition provided by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and Criminal Justice Act 2003. The shared police and CPS definition of hate crime is based on the perception of the victim or any other person and allows for case flagging and monitoring as well as appropriate victim support, it does not affect the charge.<\/p>
This flagging definition comes from the recommended definition in the Macpherson report which was published in 1999 as a result of the inquiry into the murder of Stephen Lawrence. The Macpherson Report found a lack of confidence within communities that hate crime was being treated seriously by the police and Criminal Justice System and recommended that the definition of a racist incident should be, \u2018any incident which is perceived to be racist by the victim or any other person\u2019. Putting the victim\u2019s perception at the heart of the definition gives a clear signal that, once flagged as a hate crime, an appropriate investigation will follow and evidence to support the law on hostility will be proactively sought. The definition seeks to encourage victims to report and to increase confidence in the Criminal Justice System.<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4580", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Vere of Norbiton"} } , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Vere of Norbiton"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2017-11-16", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "true", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "previousAnswerVersion" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/782453/answer/previousversion/22806", "answeringMember" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4538", "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Lord Keen of Elie"} } , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2017-11-16T16:44:23.703Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ], "questionFirstMinisteriallyCorrected" : [{"_value" : "2017-11-20T11:19:23.603Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "88"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Attorney General"} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Attorney General"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2017-11-02", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Hate Crime: Prosecutions"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask Her Majesty's Government under what authority the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) has agreed a definition of racially and religiously aggravated crime that is wider than the legal definition under the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and Criminal Justice Act 2003, as indicated in the CPS Public statement on prosecuting racist and religious hate crime published in August.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1807", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Vinson"} } , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Vinson"} ], "uin" : "HL2876"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/764321", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Attorney General"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/764321/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) does not maintain a central record of the number of drivers prosecuted for offences of failing to stop at the scene of a road traffic accident.<\/p>
The offence of failing to stop at the scene of a road traffic accident is created by Section 170 of the Road Traffic Act 1988 which imposes obligations on drivers of mechanically propelled vehicles who are involved in road accidents.<\/p>
Although it is not possible to identify the number of people<\/em> charged with particular offences, records are held by the CPS showing the overall number of offences<\/em> in which a prosecution conducted by them commenced in the magistrates\u2019 courts. The table below therefore shows the number of offences<\/em>, rather than defendants<\/em>, charged by way of Section 170 of the Road Traffic Act 1988 during 2015 and 2016. It should be noted that a single defendant may be charged with more than one offence.<\/p> <\/p><\/td> 2015<\/p><\/td> 2016<\/p><\/td><\/tr> Road Traffic Act 1988 and Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 { 170 }<\/p><\/td> 9,825<\/p><\/td> 9,056<\/p><\/td><\/tr> Data Source: CPS Case Management Information System<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table> It should further be noted that failures to stop at the scenes of traffic accidents are specified proceedings. These are offences which the police prosecute in order to reduce unnecessary bureaucracy and ensure swifter justice. The CPS will only prosecute a specified offence in cases where a not guilty plea has been entered. It may also be the case that the CPS will prosecute this offence when the defendant is charged with other more serious associated offences (for example, failing to stop and dangerous driving or driving under the influence of alcohol). The figures in the table above do not include those specified cases prosecuted by the police.<\/p> <\/p>"}
, "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4580", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Vere of Norbiton"}
}
, "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Vere of Norbiton"}
, "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2017-10-16", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2017-10-16T16:55:40.96Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
]}
, "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "88"}
, "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Attorney General"}
, "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Attorney General"}
, "date" : {"_value" : "2017-10-02", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Dangerous Driving: Prosecutions"}
, "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"}
, "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"}
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], "questionText" : "To ask Her Majesty's Government how many drivers were prosecuted in (1) 2015, and (2) 2016, for failure to stop after a collision.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4297", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Jones of Moulsecoomb"}
}
, "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Baroness Jones of Moulsecoomb"}
], "uin" : "HL1658"}
, {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/764322", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Attorney General"}
], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/764322/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : " A number of offences under the Road Traffic Act 1988 involve causing death by driving, or may result in injury.<\/p> While the CPS does not maintain a central record of the number of people killed or injured as a result of driving offences, or the victim\u2019s mode of transport at the time the offence or offences were committed, the table below shows the number of offences<\/em>, (rather than defendants) charged under the relevant sections of the Road Traffic Act 1988 during 2015 and 2016. It should be noted that a single defendant may be charged with more than one offence.<\/p> <\/p><\/td> 2015<\/strong><\/p><\/td> 2016<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr> Road Traffic Act 1988 and Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 { 1 } Causing death by dangerous driving<\/em><\/p><\/td> 228<\/p><\/td> 347<\/p><\/td><\/tr> Road Traffic Act 1988 and Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 { 1A } Causing serious injury by dangerous driving<\/em><\/p><\/td> 392<\/p><\/td> 504<\/p><\/td><\/tr> Road Traffic Act 1988 and Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 { 2B } Causing death by careless, or inconsiderate, driving<\/em><\/p><\/td> 206<\/p><\/td> 275<\/p><\/td><\/tr> Road Traffic Act 1988 and Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 { 3A } Causing death by careless driving: drink or drugs<\/em><\/p><\/td> 26<\/p><\/td> 45<\/p><\/td><\/tr> Road Traffic Act 1988 and Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 { 3ZB } Causing death by driving: unlicensed or uninsured drivers<\/em><\/p><\/td> 67<\/p><\/td> 87<\/p><\/td><\/tr> Road Traffic Act 1988 and Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 { 3ZC } Causing death by driving: disqualified drivers<\/em><\/p><\/td> 0<\/p><\/td> 4<\/p><\/td><\/tr> Road Traffic Act 1988 and Schedule 2 to the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 { 3ZD } Causing serious injury by driving: disqualified drivers<\/em><\/p><\/td> 3<\/p><\/td> 8<\/p><\/td><\/tr> Data Source: CPS Case Management Information System<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table> Other road traffic offences can also involve death or injury which does not form part of the charge.<\/p> <\/p>"}
, "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4580", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Vere of Norbiton"}
}
, "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Vere of Norbiton"}
, "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2017-10-16", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2017-10-16T16:50:32.963Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
]}
, "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "88"}
, "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : "Attorney General"}
, "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Attorney General"}
, "date" : {"_value" : "2017-10-02", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Driving Offences"}
, "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"}
, "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"}
}
], "questionText" : "To ask Her Majesty's Government how many people were killed or injured as a result of driving offences in (1) 2015, and (2) 2016; what was the victim\u2019s road user mode in each case; and where those statistics are reported.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4297", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Jones of Moulsecoomb"}
}
, "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Baroness Jones of Moulsecoomb"}
], "uin" : "HL1659"}
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