As Leader of the House, I have a particular responsibility to encourage departments to be punctual in answering written questions, but the content of each answer is a matter for the minister concerned. The Ministerial Code says that \u201cMinisters should be as open as possible with Parliament and the public, refusing to provide information only when disclosure would not be in the public interest\u201d.<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4144", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Hill of Oareford"} } , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Lord Hill of Oareford"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-05-13", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-05-13T12:00:00.00Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "92"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : ""} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-05-07", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Leader of the House, in the light of the answers on 6 May to written questions tabled by Lord Mendelsohn, what steps he will take to ensure that the replies to written questions answer the question which was put as fully as possible.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/883", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Jopling"} } , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Jopling"} ], "uin" : "HL6992"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/451768", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/451768/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
As Leader of the House, I regularly stress to departments the importance of giving full and timely answers to Questions for Written Answer. The content of each answer is a matter for the Minister concerned, and each Minister is responsible to the House for the answers they provide. That direct accountability is important: that is why Ministers in this House must provide personally signed answers to members.<\/p>
The Ministerial Code says that \u201cIt is of paramount importance that Ministers give accurate and truthful information to Parliament\u201d. It also makes clear that \u201cMinisters should be as open as possible with Parliament and the public, refusing to provide information only when disclosure would not be in the public interest\u201d. In addition, there is a longstanding rule of this House that all answers should be complete and comprehensible. I shall continue to make this guidance clear to all Ministers.<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4205", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Stowell of Beeston"} } , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Stowell of Beeston"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2016-02-17", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "groupedQuestionUIN" : {"_value" : "HL5896"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2016-02-17T16:05:06.807Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "92"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : ""} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2016-02-09", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Northern Ireland Office: Written Questions"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Leader of the House, further to the Written Answer by Lord Dunlop on 9 February (HL5480), what discussion she has had with the Northern Ireland Office about answering parliamentary written questions in full.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/2479", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Laird"} } , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Laird"} ], "uin" : "HL6043"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/78966", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/78966/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
I refer the noble Lord to the reply I gave to Lord Stoddart of Swindon on 29 July (WA 304).<\/p>
<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4205", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Stowell of Beeston"} } , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Stowell of Beeston"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-08-04", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-08-04T11:24:36.5291815Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "92"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : ""} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2014-07-18", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Written Questions"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Leader of the House, further to the Written Answer by Earl Howe on 17 July (WA 144\u20135), whether she will discourage ministers and spokespersons from answering Written Questions by reference to websites.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/121", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Mawhinney"} } , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Mawhinney"} ], "uin" : "HL1283"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/510208", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/510208/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
As of 21 April, 706 UK statutory instruments had been laid before the House of Commons/Parliament in the 2015-16 session. For completeness, the numbers of statutory instruments laid in previous sessions since 1997 are detailed below:<\/p>
<\/p>
1997-98: 1856<\/p><\/li>
1998-99: 1479<\/p><\/li>
1999-00: 1456<\/p><\/li>
2000-01: 868<\/p><\/li>
2001-02: 1788<\/p><\/li>
2002-03: 1474<\/p><\/li>
2003-04: 1281<\/p><\/li>
2004-05: 793<\/p><\/li>
2005-06: 1885<\/p><\/li>
2006-07: 1361<\/p><\/li>
2007-08: 1319<\/p><\/li>
2008-09: 1302<\/p><\/li>
2009-10: 823<\/p><\/li>
2010-12: 1809<\/p><\/li>
2012-13: 964<\/p><\/li>
2013-14: 1173<\/p><\/li>
2014-15: 1378<\/p><\/li>
2015-16: 706 (so far in this session)<\/p><\/li><\/ul>
<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4205", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Stowell of Beeston"} } , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Stowell of Beeston"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2016-04-25", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2016-04-25T15:42:57.457Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "92"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : ""} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2016-04-11", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Statutory Instruments"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Leader of the House, further to her Written Answer on 17 February (HL5966), how many statutory instruments have now been laid before Parliament in the 2015\u201316 session to date.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4192", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Dobbs"} } , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Dobbs"} ], "uin" : "HL7414"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/510210", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/510210/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
The rate of defeats in the present Parliament is more than twice that of the 1997-2001 Parliament: the Government were defeated in 22% of divisions in that Parliament, compared to 49% in the present one (up to Thursday 21 April). These figures are based on statistics compiled by the Journal Office.<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4205", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Stowell of Beeston"} } , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Stowell of Beeston"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2016-04-25", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2016-04-25T15:51:23.69Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "92"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : ""} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2016-04-11", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Government Defeats"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Leader of the House, further to her Written Answer on 16 November 2015 (HL3174), what percentage of House of Lords divisions resulted in Government defeats in (1) the 1997\u20132001 Parliament, and (2) the current Parliament.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4192", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Dobbs"} } , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Dobbs"} ], "uin" : "HL7416"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/515485", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/515485/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
My Noble Friend the Government Chief Whip does not expect to be able to facilitate a full debate on the report before the end of this session, but from the start of the new session, the usual mechanisms - which include balloted debates, Thursday debates, and questions for short debate - will be available to secure a debate on the Report.<\/p>"} , "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4205", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Stowell of Beeston"} } , "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Stowell of Beeston"} , "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2016-05-09", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2016-05-09T11:05:17.903Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} ]} , "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "92"} , "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : ""} , "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"} , "date" : {"_value" : "2016-04-25", "_datatype" : "dateTime"} , "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Human Rights"} , "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"} , "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"} } ], "questionText" : "To ask the Leader of the House whether time will be made in the Parliamentary timetable for a full debate on the Foreign and Commonwealth Office\u2019s Human Rights and Democracy Report 2015<\/i>.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"} , "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/738", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Alton of Liverpool"} } , "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Alton of Liverpool"} ], "uin" : "HL7865"} , {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/387758", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"} ], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/387758/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
The second largest opposition party is neither formally defined nor given specific speaking rights by the Standing Orders of the House or the Companion to the Standing Orders. The Companion to Standing Orders does, however, set out several areas where the \u201copposition front benches\u201d have the right to speak for longer than backbenchers or have rights to speak at specific points in proceedings.
Of the political parties represented in the House, only the Official Opposition and the Liberal Democrat group operate frontbenches of a size that permits them to shadow each Government department. It is for that reason that the definition of \u201copposition frontbenches\u201d that applied in practice before the 2010 Parliament has been reverted to in this Parliament.
It remains open to any member who wishes to propose a change to current arrangements to make representations to me and/or make a submission to the Procedure Committee.<\/p>"}
, "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4205", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Stowell of Beeston"}
}
, "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Stowell of Beeston"}
, "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2015-07-20", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "groupedQuestionUIN" : [{"_value" : "HL1136"}
, {"_value" : "HL1137"}
, {"_value" : "HL1138"}
, {"_value" : "HL1139"}
, {"_value" : "HL1588"}
], "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2015-07-20T16:47:20.41Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
]}
, "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "92"}
, "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : ""}
, "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"}
, "date" : {"_value" : "2015-07-06", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "House of Lords: Parliamentary Procedure"}
, "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"}
, "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"}
}
], "questionText" : "To ask the Leader of the House whether the speaking rights of the second largest opposition party front bench in the House of Lords can be reallocated to the opposition party with the second highest votes cast at the last general election.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/499", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Campbell-Savours"}
}
, "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Campbell-Savours"}
], "uin" : "HL1135"}
, {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/387762", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"}
], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/387762/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
The second largest opposition party is neither formally defined nor given specific speaking rights by the Standing Orders of the House or the Companion to the Standing Orders. The Companion to Standing Orders does, however, set out several areas where the \u201copposition front benches\u201d have the right to speak for longer than backbenchers or have rights to speak at specific points in proceedings.
Of the political parties represented in the House, only the Official Opposition and the Liberal Democrat group operate frontbenches of a size that permits them to shadow each Government department. It is for that reason that the definition of \u201copposition frontbenches\u201d that applied in practice before the 2010 Parliament has been reverted to in this Parliament.
It remains open to any member who wishes to propose a change to current arrangements to make representations to me and/or make a submission to the Procedure Committee.<\/p>"}
, "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4205", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Stowell of Beeston"}
}
, "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Stowell of Beeston"}
, "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2015-07-20", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "groupedQuestionUIN" : [{"_value" : "HL1135"}
, {"_value" : "HL1136"}
, {"_value" : "HL1137"}
, {"_value" : "HL1138"}
, {"_value" : "HL1588"}
], "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2015-07-20T16:47:20.793Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
]}
, "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "92"}
, "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : ""}
, "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"}
, "date" : {"_value" : "2015-07-06", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "House of Lords: Parliamentary Procedure"}
, "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"}
, "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"}
}
], "questionText" : "To ask the Leader of the House whether the percentage of the vote cast for a political party at a general election is a consideration in deciding whether a political party is granted opposition front-bench speaking rights in the House of Lords.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/499", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Campbell-Savours"}
}
, "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Campbell-Savours"}
], "uin" : "HL1139"}
, {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/446513", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"}
], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/446513/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
The Companion to the Standing Orders is the single authoritative statement of practice and procedure of the House, issued with the authority of the Procedure Committee.<\/p>
The process for tabling oral questions was considered in detail in the 2012-13 session. In response to concerns raised about the current \u201cfirst-come-first-served\u201d system - including a concern about the requirement to queue raised by my Noble Friend, Lady Sharples - the Procedure Committee proposed the introduction of a ballot in its place (Procedure Committee, 3rd Report, Session 2012-13). The House remitted the issue back to the Procedure Committee for further consideration (HL Deb 9 Jan 2013, cols 145-172). <\/p>"}
, "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4205", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Stowell of Beeston"}
}
, "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Stowell of Beeston"}
, "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2014-11-18", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2014-11-18T14:34:08.47Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
]}
, "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "92"}
, "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : ""}
, "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"}
, "date" : {"_value" : "2014-11-04", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "Oral Questions"}
, "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"}
, "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"}
}
], "questionText" : "To ask the Leader of the House whether she will propose to the Procedure Committee a review of the system for tabling oral questions in the House of Lords in respect of the requirement for members to queue.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1665", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Avebury"}
}
, "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Avebury"}
], "uin" : "HL2628"}
], "itemsPerPage" : 10, "next" : "http://eldaddp.azurewebsites.net/answeredquestions.text?_page=1&houseId=2&_properties=answer.isMinisterialCorrection,hansardHeading,answer.questionFirstAnswered,tablingMemberPrinted,legislature.prefLabel&_sort=-questionText,-tablingMemberConstituency,-answer.groupedQuestionUIN,-answeringDeptId&max-answer.dateOfAnswer=2016-06-02", "page" : 0, "startIndex" : 1, "totalResults" : 14985, "type" : "http://purl.org/linked-data/api/vocab#Page"}
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Erskine May is edited by the Clerk of the House of Commons. It contains some additional information about the history and privileges of Parliament, including the House of Lords, and Lords Clerks contribute to its production, but for the House of Lords the resulting text does not have the authoritative status that it does in the House of Commons. For this reason, and in order to keep the Companion a manageable length, I do not propose to pursue amalgamation of the texts into a single volume.<\/strong><\/p>"}
, "answeringMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/4205", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Baroness Stowell of Beeston"}
}
, "answeringMemberPrinted" : {"_value" : "Baroness Stowell of Beeston"}
, "dateOfAnswer" : {"_value" : "2016-02-02", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "isMinisterialCorrection" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "questionFirstAnswered" : [{"_value" : "2016-02-02T17:50:30.41Z", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
]}
, "answeringDeptId" : {"_value" : "92"}
, "answeringDeptShortName" : {"_value" : ""}
, "answeringDeptSortName" : {"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"}
, "date" : {"_value" : "2016-01-20", "_datatype" : "dateTime"}
, "hansardHeading" : {"_value" : "House of Lords: Parliamentary Procedure"}
, "houseId" : {"_value" : "2"}
, "legislature" : [{"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/terms/25277", "prefLabel" : {"_value" : "House of Lords"}
}
], "questionText" : "To ask the Leader of the House whether she will set up a working party to consider the combining of the contents of the Companion to the Standing Orders<\/i> with those parts of Erskine May that refer to the House of Lords in order to produce a single reference volume reflecting the law, privilege, proceedings and usage of Parliament as applicable to the House.", "registeredInterest" : {"_value" : "false", "_datatype" : "boolean"}
, "tablingMember" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/members/1251", "label" : {"_value" : "Biography information for Lord Naseby"}
}
, "tablingMemberPrinted" : [{"_value" : "Lord Naseby"}
], "uin" : "HL5285"}
, {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/106156", "AnsweringBody" : [{"_value" : "Leader of the House of Lords"}
], "answer" : {"_about" : "http://data.parliament.uk/resources/106156/answer", "answerText" : {"_value" : "
That further review did not identify a clear consensus as to whether a ballot was preferred to the \u201cfirst-come-first-served\u201d system (see Procedure Committee, 5th Report, Session 2012-13; see also HL Deb 24 April 2013, cols 1406-1417).
I know that strong views persist on both sides of the argument about this issue. I will write to the Chairman of the Procedure Committee on my Noble Friend\u2019s behalf to suggest that the matter might be discussed at a future meeting of the Procedure Committee.<\/p>