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<p>There have been four UK-wide exercises involving Defra, the Scottish Government,
the Welsh Government, the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs,
and the Animal and Plant Health Agency including their operational partners and stakeholder
organisations:</p><ul><li>Exercise Holly (July 2021) tested government’s response
to an outbreak of African swine fever.</li><li>Exercise Blackthorn (November 2017
to July 2018) tested the response to a major outbreak of foot and mouth disease (FMD).</li><li>Exercise
Willow (2016) examined the UK’s capacity to respond to a large cross-border outbreak
of FMD.</li><li>Exercise Walnut (2013) tested the response to an outbreak of classical
swine fever.</li></ul><p>We have also completed numerous operational, field and laboratory-based
exercises to test and refine contingency plans on a yearly cycle, and our response
capability has been tested by real-world outbreaks such as the ongoing outbreak of
avian influenza.</p>
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