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1024811

	registered interest
	date	13/12/2018
	answering body	Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept id	201
	answering dept short name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept sort name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	hansard heading	UK Research and Innovation: Per Capita Costs
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, what the funding per head of population was by (a) UK Research and Innovation and (b) its predecessor bodies in (i) each region of England and (ii) the nations of the UK in each of the last five financial years.
	tabling member constituency	Newcastle upon Tyne Central
	tabling member printed	Chi Onwurah
	uin	202141
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 18/12/2018 answer text <p>UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) was created on 1 April 2018 and so did not exist as a legal entity in previous financial years. Figures have been provided for its predecessor bodies for the most recent financial years available. The table shows expenditure by the nine councils that now make up UKRI, per head of population in each region and nation of the UK. The expenditure figures include research council and Innovate UK grants, and HEFCE/Research England’s Research Capital Investment Fund, Quality-related research (QR) funding and Higher Education Innovation Funding.</p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><del class="ministerial">£ per person</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">2012/2013</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">2013/2014</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">2014/2015</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">2015/2016</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">2016/2017</del></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><del class="ministerial">East of England</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">108</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">109</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">110</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">112</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">112</del></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><del class="ministerial">London</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">127</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">136</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">144</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">126</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">116</del></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><del class="ministerial">Midlands</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">59</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">64</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">75</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">67</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">68</del></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><del class="ministerial">North East</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">98</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">80</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">75</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">64</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">62</del></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><del class="ministerial">North West</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">53</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">58</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">59</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">60</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">55</del></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><del class="ministerial">South East</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">57</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">54</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">63</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">53</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">51</del></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><del class="ministerial">South West</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">63</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">65</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">85</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">68</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">68</del></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><del class="ministerial">Yorkshire and the Humber</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">62</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">64</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">67</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">79</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">68</del></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><del class="ministerial"><strong>England</strong></del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">79</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">81</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">88</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">81</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">77</del></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><del class="ministerial"><strong>Northern Ireland</strong></del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">12</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">15</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">17</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">18</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">16</del></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><del class="ministerial"><strong>Scotland</strong></del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">67</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">63</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">74</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">65</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">62</del></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><del class="ministerial"><strong>Wales</strong></del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">21</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">27</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">25</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">25</del></p></td><td><p><del class="ministerial">22</del></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><ins class="ministerial">£ per person</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">2012/2013</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">2013/2014</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">2014/2015</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">2015/2016</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">2016/2017</ins></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><ins class="ministerial">East of England</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">108</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">109</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">110</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">112</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">112</ins></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><ins class="ministerial">London</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">156</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">166</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">174</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">152</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">140</ins></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><ins class="ministerial">Midlands</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">48</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">53</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">62</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">56</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">56</ins></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><ins class="ministerial">North East</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">98</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">80</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">75</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">64</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">62</ins></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><ins class="ministerial">North West</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">53</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">58</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">59</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">60</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">55</ins></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><ins class="ministerial">South East</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">119</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">118</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">139</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">127</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">127</ins></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><ins class="ministerial">South West</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">63</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">65</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">85</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">68</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">68</ins></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><ins class="ministerial">Yorkshire and the Humber</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">62</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">64</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">67</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">79</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">68</ins></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><ins class="ministerial"><strong>England</strong></ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">89</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">92</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">100</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">93</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">90</ins></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><ins class="ministerial"><strong>Northern Ireland</strong></ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">12</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">15</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">17</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">18</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">16</ins></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><ins class="ministerial"><strong>Scotland</strong></ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">67</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">63</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">74</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">65</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">62</ins></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><ins class="ministerial"><strong>Wales</strong></ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">21</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">27</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">25</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">25</ins></p></td><td><p><ins class="ministerial">22</ins></p></td></tr></tbody></table> answering member constituency Kingswood answering member printed Chris Skidmore question first answered 18/12/2018 14:18:51 question first ministerially corrected 10/01/2019 10:03:25 answering member 4021 label Biography information for Chris Skidmore previous answer version 92448 answering member constituency Kingswood answering member printed Chris Skidmore answering member 4021 label Biography information for Chris Skidmore
	tabling member	4124 label Biography information for Chi Onwurah

1029417

	registered interest
	date	20/12/2018
	answering body	Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept id	201
	answering dept short name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept sort name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	hansard heading	Research: Per Capita Costs
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, pursuant to the Answer of 18 December 2018 to Question 202141 on UK Research and Innovation: Per Capita Costs, what assessment he has made of the disparities in per head funding for R&D throughout the (a) regions and (b) constituent parts of the UK.
	tabling member constituency	Newcastle upon Tyne Central
	tabling member printed	Chi Onwurah
	uin	204503
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 10/01/2019 answer text <p>The Government wants to increase R&amp;D investment across the country – from both the public and private sector. That is why, as part of the Industrial Strategy, we announced our commitment to increasing R&amp;D investment to 2.4% of GDP by 2027 and, this year, launched UK Research &amp; Innovation’s Strength in Places Fund which will fund Research and Innovation projects which support local growth and productivity.</p><p> </p><p>I refer the hon. Member to answers I gave her to Question 202141 on 18 December 2018 and Question 203451 on 28 December 2018, which include a table of expenditures per head of population in each region and nation of the UK.</p><p> </p> answering member constituency Kingswood answering member printed Chris Skidmore question first answered 10/01/2019 16:00:20 answering member 4021 label Biography information for Chris Skidmore
	tabling member	4124 label Biography information for Chi Onwurah

1058794

	registered interest
	date	11/02/2019
	answering body	Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept id	201
	answering dept short name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept sort name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	hansard heading	Research: Finance
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, whether the Government’s commitment to increase public investment in research and development by £7 billion by 2021-22 is dependent on the outcome of the forthcoming Spending Review.
	tabling member constituency	Newcastle upon Tyne Central
	tabling member printed	Chi Onwurah
	uin	219416
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 19/02/2019 answer text <p>The Government committed at Budget 2017 to increase public investment in Research &amp; Development by £7 billion by 2021-22. This is not dependent on the outcome of the forthcoming Spending Review.</p> answering member constituency Kingswood answering member printed Chris Skidmore question first answered 19/02/2019 17:43:43 answering member 4021 label Biography information for Chris Skidmore
	tabling member	4124 label Biography information for Chi Onwurah

1059025

	registered interest
	date	11/02/2019
	answering body	Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept id	201
	answering dept short name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept sort name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	hansard heading	Research: Publishing
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy, when his Department plans to make an economic assessment of the policy options considered by UK Research and Innovation’s review of Open Access policy.
	tabling member constituency	Newcastle upon Tyne Central
	tabling member printed	Chi Onwurah
	uin	219418
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 14/02/2019 answer text <p>Open Access is central to the Government’s and UKRI’s ambitions for research and innovation, with openness being key to world class research and delivering the wider aims of the Industrial Strategy. Sharing knowledge openly has benefits not only for researchers, but also businesses and wider society by accelerating new discoveries.</p><p> </p><p>BEIS will be working with UKRI to ensure that overall economic issues are considered as part of the UKRI Open Access Review. The Open Access review will seek to support an economic model where the fair, transparent and reasonable costs of Open Access publishing are met, while addressing the need for sustainability. The review will consider Open Access models and innovations which can help enhance Open Access and assist the sector to more easily comply with UKRI policy. UKRI will lead on consideration of the costs and sustainability of achieving our Open Access aims and BEIS will consider the wider economic implications when policy options are developed in the autumn.</p> answering member constituency Kingswood answering member printed Chris Skidmore grouped question UIN 219419 219420 219421 question first answered 14/02/2019 16:27:23 answering member 4021 label Biography information for Chris Skidmore
	tabling member	4124 label Biography information for Chi Onwurah

1059034

	registered interest
	date	11/02/2019
	answering body	Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept id	201
	answering dept short name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept sort name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	hansard heading	Research: Publishing
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy, what role his Department will play in the review being conducted by UK Research and Innovation on Open Access policy; and whether his Department will be represented on the Open Access Review Steering Group.
	tabling member constituency	Newcastle upon Tyne Central
	tabling member printed	Chi Onwurah
	uin	219419
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 14/02/2019 answer text <p>Open Access is central to the Government’s and UKRI’s ambitions for research and innovation, with openness being key to world class research and delivering the wider aims of the Industrial Strategy. Sharing knowledge openly has benefits not only for researchers, but also businesses and wider society by accelerating new discoveries.</p><p> </p><p>BEIS will be working with UKRI to ensure that overall economic issues are considered as part of the UKRI Open Access Review. The Open Access review will seek to support an economic model where the fair, transparent and reasonable costs of Open Access publishing are met, while addressing the need for sustainability. The review will consider Open Access models and innovations which can help enhance Open Access and assist the sector to more easily comply with UKRI policy. UKRI will lead on consideration of the costs and sustainability of achieving our Open Access aims and BEIS will consider the wider economic implications when policy options are developed in the autumn.</p> answering member constituency Kingswood answering member printed Chris Skidmore grouped question UIN 219418 219420 219421 question first answered 14/02/2019 16:27:23 answering member 4021 label Biography information for Chris Skidmore
	tabling member	4124 label Biography information for Chi Onwurah

1059050

	registered interest
	date	11/02/2019
	answering body	Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept id	201
	answering dept short name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept sort name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	hansard heading	Research: Publishing
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy, what assessment he has made of the potential merits of expanding Open Access research.
	tabling member constituency	Newcastle upon Tyne Central
	tabling member printed	Chi Onwurah
	uin	219420
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 14/02/2019 answer text <p>Open Access is central to the Government’s and UKRI’s ambitions for research and innovation, with openness being key to world class research and delivering the wider aims of the Industrial Strategy. Sharing knowledge openly has benefits not only for researchers, but also businesses and wider society by accelerating new discoveries.</p><p> </p><p>BEIS will be working with UKRI to ensure that overall economic issues are considered as part of the UKRI Open Access Review. The Open Access review will seek to support an economic model where the fair, transparent and reasonable costs of Open Access publishing are met, while addressing the need for sustainability. The review will consider Open Access models and innovations which can help enhance Open Access and assist the sector to more easily comply with UKRI policy. UKRI will lead on consideration of the costs and sustainability of achieving our Open Access aims and BEIS will consider the wider economic implications when policy options are developed in the autumn.</p> answering member constituency Kingswood answering member printed Chris Skidmore grouped question UIN 219418 219419 219421 question first answered 14/02/2019 16:27:24 answering member 4021 label Biography information for Chris Skidmore
	tabling member	4124 label Biography information for Chi Onwurah

1059051

	registered interest
	date	11/02/2019
	answering body	Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept id	201
	answering dept short name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept sort name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	hansard heading	Research: Publishing
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy, what assessment his Department has made of the potential merits of Open Access publishing for humanities and social sciences publishing.
	tabling member constituency	Newcastle upon Tyne Central
	tabling member printed	Chi Onwurah
	uin	219421
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 14/02/2019 answer text <p>Open Access is central to the Government’s and UKRI’s ambitions for research and innovation, with openness being key to world class research and delivering the wider aims of the Industrial Strategy. Sharing knowledge openly has benefits not only for researchers, but also businesses and wider society by accelerating new discoveries.</p><p> </p><p>BEIS will be working with UKRI to ensure that overall economic issues are considered as part of the UKRI Open Access Review. The Open Access review will seek to support an economic model where the fair, transparent and reasonable costs of Open Access publishing are met, while addressing the need for sustainability. The review will consider Open Access models and innovations which can help enhance Open Access and assist the sector to more easily comply with UKRI policy. UKRI will lead on consideration of the costs and sustainability of achieving our Open Access aims and BEIS will consider the wider economic implications when policy options are developed in the autumn.</p> answering member constituency Kingswood answering member printed Chris Skidmore grouped question UIN 219418 219419 219420 question first answered 14/02/2019 16:27:24 answering member 4021 label Biography information for Chris Skidmore
	tabling member	4124 label Biography information for Chi Onwurah

1059052

	registered interest
	date	11/02/2019
	answering body	Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept id	201
	answering dept short name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept sort name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	hansard heading	Research: Publishing
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, whether UK Research and Innovation has plans to make an assessment of the effect of its review into Open Access policy on (a) UK researchers and (b) overseas researchers seeking to work in the UK.
	tabling member constituency	Newcastle upon Tyne Central
	tabling member printed	Chi Onwurah
	uin	219422
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 19/02/2019 answer text <p>Open Access is central to the Government’s and UK Research and Innovation’s (UKRI) ambitions for research and innovation, with openness being key to world class research and delivering the wider aims of the Industrial Strategy, including the ambition to raise total R&amp;D investment to 2.4% of GDP by 2027. Sharing knowledge openly has benefits not only for researchers, but also businesses and wider society by accelerating new discoveries.</p><p>The UK is among the world’s top research nations, with a world-leading research and innovation base for attracting and retaining researchers. As set out in the UKRI Strategic Prospectus, “talent” and “open research” are two key foundations for excellent research and innovation. Throughout the Open Access Review UKRI will be engaging and consulting with the sector and a range of relevant stakeholders, including researchers, to understand the effects of its Open Access policy. Transitioning towards Open Access is the direction of travel taken by all leading research nations, and UKRI will be taking an evidence-based approach, and will consider the international context in its Review to help ensure that the UK remains a top destination for global researchers.</p><p>The UK’s substantial commitment to Open Access over the past years has resulted in it being at the forefront of the global movement to Open Access. This has benefited the UK, for example through increased levels of international collaboration as set out in the “Ascent of Open Access” report from Digital Science (available at <a href="https://www.digital-science.com/blog/news/the-ascent-of-open-access-report/" target="_blank">https://www.digital-science.com/blog/news/the-ascent-of-open-access-report/</a>). International collaboration is essential to ensure that the UK maintains its world leading position in research and innovation, and to bring benefit to the society and economy of the UK. Other advantages of Open Access, such as increased citation, are evidenced in the STM Report “An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing” (available at <a href="https://www.stm-assoc.org/2018_10_04_STM_Report_2018.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.stm-assoc.org/2018_10_04_STM_Report_2018.pdf</a>).</p><p>All leading research nations, including the US and China, have signalled their intent to move towards Open Access (Nature, December 2018 <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07659-5" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07659-5</a>). The international open access collaboration, Plan S, is led by Science Europe but includes international engagement beyond Europe.</p> answering member constituency Kingswood answering member printed Chris Skidmore grouped question UIN 219423 question first answered 19/02/2019 14:03:55 answering member 4021 label Biography information for Chris Skidmore
	tabling member	4124 label Biography information for Chi Onwurah

1059054

	registered interest
	date	11/02/2019
	answering body	Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept id	201
	answering dept short name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept sort name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	hansard heading	Research: Publishing
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, what assessment he has made of the potential risk to the UK of progressing Open Access in advance of other international research in (a) the US and (b) China.
	tabling member constituency	Newcastle upon Tyne Central
	tabling member printed	Chi Onwurah
	uin	219423
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 19/02/2019 answer text <p>Open Access is central to the Government’s and UK Research and Innovation’s (UKRI) ambitions for research and innovation, with openness being key to world class research and delivering the wider aims of the Industrial Strategy, including the ambition to raise total R&amp;D investment to 2.4% of GDP by 2027. Sharing knowledge openly has benefits not only for researchers, but also businesses and wider society by accelerating new discoveries.</p><p>The UK is among the world’s top research nations, with a world-leading research and innovation base for attracting and retaining researchers. As set out in the UKRI Strategic Prospectus, “talent” and “open research” are two key foundations for excellent research and innovation. Throughout the Open Access Review UKRI will be engaging and consulting with the sector and a range of relevant stakeholders, including researchers, to understand the effects of its Open Access policy. Transitioning towards Open Access is the direction of travel taken by all leading research nations, and UKRI will be taking an evidence-based approach, and will consider the international context in its Review to help ensure that the UK remains a top destination for global researchers.</p><p>The UK’s substantial commitment to Open Access over the past years has resulted in it being at the forefront of the global movement to Open Access. This has benefited the UK, for example through increased levels of international collaboration as set out in the “Ascent of Open Access” report from Digital Science (available at <a href="https://www.digital-science.com/blog/news/the-ascent-of-open-access-report/" target="_blank">https://www.digital-science.com/blog/news/the-ascent-of-open-access-report/</a>). International collaboration is essential to ensure that the UK maintains its world leading position in research and innovation, and to bring benefit to the society and economy of the UK. Other advantages of Open Access, such as increased citation, are evidenced in the STM Report “An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing” (available at <a href="https://www.stm-assoc.org/2018_10_04_STM_Report_2018.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.stm-assoc.org/2018_10_04_STM_Report_2018.pdf</a>).</p><p>All leading research nations, including the US and China, have signalled their intent to move towards Open Access (Nature, December 2018 <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07659-5" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07659-5</a>). The international open access collaboration, Plan S, is led by Science Europe but includes international engagement beyond Europe.</p> answering member constituency Kingswood answering member printed Chris Skidmore grouped question UIN 219422 question first answered 19/02/2019 14:03:55 answering member 4021 label Biography information for Chris Skidmore
	tabling member	4124 label Biography information for Chi Onwurah

1062098

	registered interest
	date	15/02/2019
	answering body	Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept id	201
	answering dept short name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	answering dept sort name	Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
	hansard heading	Research and Development Expenditure Credit
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, what assessment he has made of the effectiveness of R&D tax credits in encouraging private sector spend on R&D (a) overall and (b) by economic sector.
	tabling member constituency	Newcastle upon Tyne Central
	tabling member printed	Chi Onwurah
	uin	222034
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 20/02/2019 answer text <p>A study by HMRC in 2015 showed that for every £1 of tax forgone up to £2.35 of R&amp;D is stimulated, this suggests that the current R&amp;D tax reliefs schemes are effective at encouraging additional investment in R&amp;D. R&amp;D tax reliefs are available to any company in any sector undertaking R&amp;D projects seeking an advance in science or technology.</p> answering member constituency Kingswood answering member printed Chris Skidmore question first answered 20/02/2019 16:52:18 answering member 4021 label Biography information for Chris Skidmore
	tabling member	4124 label Biography information for Chi Onwurah