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<p>Hybrid threats require a whole of Government approach, not just Defence. Accordingly,
the UK approach has centred upon using all arms of Government and the levers available
to deter, respond to, and counter hostile activity.</p><p>The Modernising Defence
Programme, published in 2018, acknowledged that hybrid threats are one of the driving
factors fundamentally changing the character of warfare and set out the ways in which
Defence would mobilise, modernise and transform to address this. The Ministry of Defence
(MOD) is actively working to develop the right capabilities, policies and permissions
to effectively respond to hybrid threats, and the additional £2.2 billion funding
for Defence announced as part of Spending Round 19 is supporting that effort.</p><p>We
are also working to protect our conventional capabilities from new threats. The MOD
has already invested significantly in cyber defence and security, across a broad range
of its capabilities and infrastructure. This includes investing £12 million in the
Defence Cyber School, £22 million on the creation of new cyber operations centres,
and £40 million in the Cyber Security Operations Capability. £265 million has also
been invested in a pioneering approach to root out cyber vulnerabilities within military
platforms and wider cyber-dependent systems, helping Defence better understand and
mitigate cyber risks.</p>
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