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1134197

registered interest
date	24/06/2019
answering body	Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
answering dept id	13
answering dept short name	Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
answering dept sort name	Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
hansard heading	Climate Change
house id	1
legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, whether the UK is taking steps with the Government of China to promote natural climate solutions at the UN’s Climate and Biodiversity Summits in 2020, and if he will make a statement.
tabling member constituency	Brighton, Pavilion
tabling member printed	Caroline Lucas
uin	268449
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 01/07/2019 answer text <p>Yes. The Government is a world leader in calling for nature based solutions to be recognised as critical in addressing climate action. I met the Environment Minister for China at the G20 to discuss this and The Convention on Biological Diversity Conference of Parties to be held in China next year.</p><p> </p><p>The UN Climate Action Summit this September provides a more immediate opportunity to deliver ambitious initiatives that tackle both climate change and biodiversity loss. The UK is co-leading the Resilience and Adaptation theme for the Summit and is actively engaging with other partners who are leading and developing the other themes. This includes China, who is co-leading the Nature Based Solutions theme for the Summit.</p> answering member constituency Suffolk Coastal answering member printed Dr Thérèse Coffey question first answered 01/07/2019 13:32:16 answering member 4098 label Biography information for Dr Thérèse Coffey
tabling member	3930 label Biography information for Caroline Lucas

1134198

registered interest
date	24/06/2019
answering body	Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
answering dept id	13
answering dept short name	Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
answering dept sort name	Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
hansard heading	Climate Change
house id	1
legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, what plans he has to pursue and implement nature-based solutions domestically to (a) mitigate and (b) adapt to climate change and (c) protect and restore nature; and if he will make a statement.
tabling member constituency	Brighton, Pavilion
tabling member printed	Caroline Lucas
uin	268450
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 02/07/2019 answer text <p>Nature-based solutions are key to tackling and strengthening resilience to climate change impacts. Our wetlands, forests and grasslands capture carbon – and provide other environmental benefits, such as flood management, pollination, and biodiversity. The Government is deploying such solutions to improve our natural environment and our Government’s 25 Year Environment Plan sets out key policies on how improving nature can help tackle climate change.</p><p> </p><p>Tree planting is one of the main contributors to nature-based carbon sequestration. Our manifesto committed to planting 11 million trees by 2022, and a further 1 million trees in our towns and cities. We also have a long term aspiration to increase woodland cover in England from 10% to 12% by 2060. To achieve these goals, in the Autumn Budget the Chancellor announced £10m for an Urban Trees Challenge Fund – which is now open for applications - and £50m to help plant new woodlands through the Woodland Carbon Guarantee.</p><p> </p><p>Peatlands are our largest terrestrial carbon store. Organic or peat soils make up 11% of England’s total land area, over 70% of which are drained or in poor condition. We have committed to publishing an England Peatland Strategy. The strategy sets out our vision to reverse decline in peatlands and restore them. Work is underway on four large-scale peatland restoration projects across England, to which we have allocated £10m, and will restore 5,851 ha of degraded peatlands. We are also improving saltmarshes.</p><p> </p><p>Natural England has an ongoing uplands programme with landowners and we will also be setting up a Lowland Agricultural Peatland Taskforce to help sustainably manage and restore peatland habitats. Once restored, our healthy functioning peatlands will provide a range of public benefits in addition to carbon storage, including flood mitigation and biodiversity rich habitats.</p><p> </p><p>Under the new Environmental Land Management Scheme we will pay public money for the provision of environmental public goods. These public goods will include the mitigation of and adaption to climate change.</p><p> </p><p>We also support nature-based solutions through our international aid programmes on forestry and mangroves/blue forests.</p> answering member constituency Suffolk Coastal answering member printed Dr Thérèse Coffey question first answered 02/07/2019 10:47:30 answering member 4098 label Biography information for Dr Thérèse Coffey
tabling member	3930 label Biography information for Caroline Lucas

1134228

registered interest
date	24/06/2019
answering body	Ministry of Defence
answering dept id	11
answering dept short name	Defence
answering dept sort name	Defence
hansard heading	Saudi Arabia: Military Aid
house id	1
legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, if she will publish the (a) dates of training, (b) organisations trained and (c) programmes of training events provided by UK military personnel to the Saudi Arabian (i) armed forces and (ii) National Guard since March 2015 to help with compliance with International Humanitarian Law.
tabling member constituency	Brighton, Pavilion
tabling member printed	Caroline Lucas
uin	268451
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 01/07/2019 answer text <p>All training provided in the UK or in Saudi Arabia by the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) to the Saudi Arabian Armed Forces, National Guard (SANG), and Saudi MOD - supports and encourages compliance with International Humanitarian Law (IHL).</p><p> </p><p>Details of all training provided since March 2015 is not held centrally and could only be provided at disproportionate cost.</p> answering member constituency Milton Keynes North answering member printed Mark Lancaster question first answered 01/07/2019 13:54:11 answering member 1544 label Biography information for Lord Lancaster of Kimbolton
tabling member	3930 label Biography information for Caroline Lucas

1133013

registered interest
date	18/06/2019
answering body	Department for Transport
answering dept id	27
answering dept short name	Transport
answering dept sort name	Transport
hansard heading	Travel: Costs
house id	1
legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what estimate he has made of the percentage change in real terms of the average cost to the individual of travelling by (a) private car, (b) bus, (c) train and (d) domestic aeroplane since (i) 1980, (ii) 1997, (iii) 2010 and (iv) 2015.
tabling member constituency	Brighton, Pavilion
tabling member printed	Caroline Lucas
uin	266289
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 24/06/2019 answer text <p>(a-c) The Department for Transport publishes statistics on travel costs, based on data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), in the Transport Statistics Great Britain compendium. This is available from Table 1308 at the link below:</p><p><a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/transport-expenditure-tsgb13" target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/transport-expenditure-tsgb13</a></p><p> </p><p>Please note this table gives absolute changes in the indices and covers 1987 to 2017.</p><p> </p><p>(d) The costs of travelling by air are not available from ONS data. However, DfT estimates are available based on fare data collected from the Civil Aviation Authority passenger survey from 2000. The real cost of the average UK one-way air fare, including taxes and charges, covering domestic flights from 2010 to 2017 decreased by 22%. From 2015 to 2017 the real cost decreased by 7%.</p><p><strong> </strong></p> answering member constituency Northampton North answering member printed Michael Ellis question first answered 24/06/2019 10:29:56 answering member 4116 label Biography information for Sir Michael Ellis
tabling member	3930 label Biography information for Caroline Lucas

1133014

registered interest
date	18/06/2019
answering body	Department for Transport
answering dept id	27
answering dept short name	Transport
answering dept sort name	Transport
hansard heading	Aviation: Costs
house id	1
legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what estimate he has made of the percentage change in real terms of the average cost to the individual of travelling by international aeroplane since (a) 1980, (b) 1997, (c) 2010 and (d) 2015.
tabling member constituency	Brighton, Pavilion
tabling member printed	Caroline Lucas
uin	266290
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 24/06/2019 answer text <p>According to the Office for National Statistics International Passenger Survey the estimated real cost of the average one-way air fare covering scheduled direct international flights from 2010 to 2017 decreased by 24%. From 2015 to 2017 the real cost decreased by 18%. Fare data is inclusive of all taxes and charges and are unavailable prior to 2000.</p> answering member constituency Northampton North answering member printed Michael Ellis question first answered 24/06/2019 10:37:05 answering member 4116 label Biography information for Sir Michael Ellis
tabling member	3930 label Biography information for Caroline Lucas

1133015

registered interest
date	18/06/2019
answering body	Department for Transport
answering dept id	27
answering dept short name	Transport
answering dept sort name	Transport
hansard heading	Transport: Carbon Emissions
house id	1
legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, what recent comparative assessment he has made of the average greenhouse gas emissions per kilometre of an individual travelling by (a) private car, (b) bus, (c) train and (d) aeroplane travelling on a domestic route; and if he will make a statement.
tabling member constituency	Brighton, Pavilion
tabling member printed	Caroline Lucas
uin	266291
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 24/06/2019 answer text <p>This information is not available. Total greenhouse gas emissions for each mode of transport are published in Transport Statistics Great Britain table ENV0201: <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/energy-and-environment-data-tables-env" target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/energy-and-environment-data-tables-env</a>. Total emissions for each transport mode are calculated using various methodologies and data sources. Due to the differences in data sources and calculation methods, it is currently not possible to disaggregate total emissions in a way that allows the calculation of comparable average passenger emissions for the different transport modes. The Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy does produce conversion factors for use in company reporting, covering a full range of activities which produce greenhouse gas emissions, although these figures are not statistically evidential.</p> answering member constituency Northampton North answering member printed Michael Ellis question first answered 24/06/2019 11:16:30 answering member 4116 label Biography information for Sir Michael Ellis
tabling member	3930 label Biography information for Caroline Lucas

1133017

registered interest
date	18/06/2019
answering body	Foreign and Commonwealth Office
answering dept id	16
answering dept short name	Foreign and Commonwealth Office
answering dept sort name	Foreign and Commonwealth Office
hansard heading	Hong Kong: Extradition
house id	1
legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, what representations he has made to the UN about the compatibility of the Government of Hong Kong’s proposed extradition law with the Sino-British Joint Declaration by the Governments of China and the UK in 1984.
tabling member constituency	Brighton, Pavilion
tabling member printed	Caroline Lucas
uin	266293
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 26/06/2019 answer text <p>We do not assess that the extradition proposals themselves breach the Sino-British Joint Declaration, as the Treaty did not explicitly deal with extradition arrangements.</p><p>If at some stage in the future we were to take the view that China had breached its obligations under the Joint Declaration, this would, under international law, be a bilateral matter between us and China and we would pursue it accordingly.</p> answering member constituency South West Wiltshire answering member printed Dr Andrew Murrison question first answered 26/06/2019 14:00:41 answering member 1466 label Biography information for Dr Andrew Murrison
tabling member	3930 label Biography information for Caroline Lucas

1132508

registered interest
date	17/06/2019
answering body	Department for Education
answering dept id	60
answering dept short name	Education
answering dept sort name	Education
hansard heading	Pre-school Education: Finance
house id	1
legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Education, what estimate he has made of the number of maintained nursery schools that rely on the supplementary transitional protection funding for 2019-20 to stay open; and if he will make it his policy to continue that funding beyond 2020.
tabling member constituency	Brighton, Pavilion
tabling member printed	Caroline Lucas
uin	265476
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 24/06/2019 answer text <p>Maintained nursery schools (MNS) make a valuable contribution to improving the lives of some of our most disadvantaged children. We are providing local authorities with around £60 million a year of supplementary funding, to enable them to maintain the funding that was provided to MNS in 2016/17. The funding of individual MNS is a matter for local authorities. No estimate has been made of the number of MNS that rely on the supplementary funding they receive in order to stay open.</p><p> </p><p>In February, we announced that we would provide local authorities with further funding of around £24 million to enable them to maintain the funding of MNS for the whole of the 2019/20. This provides MNS with further stability, and what happens after 2019/20 will be determined by the next Spending Review.</p><p> </p> answering member constituency Stratford-on-Avon answering member printed Nadhim Zahawi grouped question UIN 265478 question first answered 24/06/2019 16:45:00 answering member 4113 label Biography information for Nadhim Zahawi
tabling member	3930 label Biography information for Caroline Lucas

1132509

registered interest
date	17/06/2019
answering body	Department for Education
answering dept id	60
answering dept short name	Education
answering dept sort name	Education
hansard heading	Pre-school Education: Finance
house id	1
legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Education, if he will make it his policy to conduct an annual review of early years childcare funding to assess the funding needs and pressures in the early years sector to ensure sustainability and quality of provision; and if he will make a statement.
tabling member constituency	Brighton, Pavilion
tabling member printed	Caroline Lucas
uin	265477
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 24/06/2019 answer text <p>The department plans to spend £3.5 billion on early education entitlements this year alone.</p><p>Our average funding rates are based on the department’s review of childcare costs - this report can be found at the following link: <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/review-of-childcare-costs" target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/review-of-childcare-costs</a>. This report was described as “thorough and wide ranging” by the National Audit Office. This review looked at both current and future cost pressures.</p><p> </p><p>We continue to monitor the early years childcare market closely through a range of regular and one-off research projects which provide insight into various aspects of the market.</p><p> </p><p>Decisions on funding policy and future spending will be a matter for the upcoming Spending Review.</p><p> </p><p> </p> answering member constituency Stratford-on-Avon answering member printed Nadhim Zahawi question first answered 24/06/2019 16:42:01 answering member 4113 label Biography information for Nadhim Zahawi
tabling member	3930 label Biography information for Caroline Lucas

1132511

registered interest
date	17/06/2019
answering body	Department for Education
answering dept id	60
answering dept short name	Education
answering dept sort name	Education
hansard heading	Pre-school Education: Finance
house id	1
legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Education, what steps he is taking to ensure maintained nursery schools are adequately funded to (a) provide high-quality early years education in England and (b) remain open beyond 2020.
tabling member constituency	Brighton, Pavilion
tabling member printed	Caroline Lucas
uin	265478
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 24/06/2019 answer text <p>Maintained nursery schools (MNS) make a valuable contribution to improving the lives of some of our most disadvantaged children. We are providing local authorities with around £60 million a year of supplementary funding, to enable them to maintain the funding that was provided to MNS in 2016/17. The funding of individual MNS is a matter for local authorities. No estimate has been made of the number of MNS that rely on the supplementary funding they receive in order to stay open.</p><p> </p><p>In February, we announced that we would provide local authorities with further funding of around £24 million to enable them to maintain the funding of MNS for the whole of the 2019/20. This provides MNS with further stability, and what happens after 2019/20 will be determined by the next Spending Review.</p><p> </p> answering member constituency Stratford-on-Avon answering member printed Nadhim Zahawi grouped question UIN 265476 question first answered 24/06/2019 16:45:00 answering member 4113 label Biography information for Nadhim Zahawi
tabling member	3930 label Biography information for Caroline Lucas