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<p> </p><p>Defra has funded a number of studies to investigate the potential for the
absorption of contaminants by organisms that consume plastics. These studies are published
in scientific literature. Defra is also currently conducting an analysis of the costs
and benefits of the carrier bag charge, including on the marine environment.</p><p>
</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>In addition, the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture
Science (Cefas) has been monitoring seabed litter since 1992 through fisheries stock
assessments and marine litter surveys.</p><p> </p>
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