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<p>There have been extensive reforms to policing practices as well as significant
changes to press self-regulation.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Since Lord Justice
Leveson published his report on part 1 of the inquiry in 2012, the Government has
considered all eight recommendations and introduced a number of reforms to policing.
This includes the publication of the policing Code of Ethics by the College of Policing
in 2014; guidance on relationships with the media; guidance on whistle-blowing; new
powers for the Independent Office for Police Conduct to investigate without referral
from the police and voluntary notification by chief constables of post-service employment
for 12 months.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>There now exists a strengthened, independent,
self-regulatory system for the press. The majority of traditional publishers—including
95% of national newspapers by circulation—are members of IPSO. A number of smaller
publishers have joined Impress.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>These regulators enforce
codes of conduct which provide guidelines on a range of areas, including discrimination,
accuracy, privacy, and harassment. If they find that a newspaper has broken the code
of conduct, they can order corrections or critical adjudications.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>IPSO,
unlike its predecessor the Press Complaints Commission (PCC), has the contractual
power to legally enforce all the obligations into which the press has entered. This
includes determining the wording, where a ruling is placed in a newspaper, in what
font size and on what page. As well as dealing with complaints, IPSO can launch a
standards investigation in cases where there may have been serious and systemic breaches
of the Editors’ Code. IPSO also now has a compulsory low cost arbitration scheme,
introduced in August 2018, that all member national newspapers have signed up to.
This can be used to make claims for defamation, privacy and harassment, and some data
protection breaches.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>In 2016 IPSO commissioned its
own independent review which found it had made some important achievements in demonstrating
it was an independent and effective regulator, and that it was largely compliant with
the recommendations of the Leveson Report.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
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