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<p>Public Health England (PHE) track a number of indicators concerning health, wellbeing
and behavioural and cognitive outcomes associated with life chances. This is via the
Public Health Outcomes Framework and other profiles, in particular the child health
profiles and the early years profiles.</p><p> </p><p>These indicators include background
factors, such as children in low income families, risk factors, (for example low birthweight
at term), and protective factors including breastfeeding initiation. PHE also collect
data on early years outcomes via the Ages and Stages questionnaire as well as later
childhood outcomes.</p><p> </p><p>There are also indicators on obesity, namely excess
weight in four-five and 10-11 year olds. In terms of childhood health and life chances,
obese children and adolescents are at an increased risk of developing various health
problems (both physical and emotional /psychological), and are also more likely to
become obese adults.</p><p> </p><p>In addition, the Department funds longitudinal
studies such as the millennium cohort study to track children through childhood and
is supporting the roll-out of Routine Enquiry into Adverse Childhood Experiences.
This will encourage people to disclose childhood adversity, which can lead to them
getting the help they need sooner.</p>
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