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<p>There are a number of EU directives covering a wide range of pollution issues.
This answer refers to the Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU), which was transposed
into law in England and Wales in February 2013. The Directive requires operators in
a range of industrial sectors to comply with certain standards to ensure the reduction
of emissions from their activities.</p><p>Prior to transposition of the Directive,
our impact assessment estimated that the annual regulatory and compliance costs for
the main affected sectors would be £105m for operators of large combustion plants
and £0 - £15m for a range of other installations in the waste treatment and wood treatment
sectors.</p><p>The impact assessment estimated that the annual human health benefits
due to a reduction in emissions of nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and particulate
matter from large combustion plants alone would be £188m. Other benefits for human
health and the environment were also expected to arise from other pollutants that
could not be monetised.</p>
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