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<p>Data from the independent Office for National Statistics (ONS) shows that since
the 2010 election employment has grown, by over 3.6 million, to a record high of 32.714
million. Over 75% of this has come from full-time, permanent employment. And over
75% of the growth since 2010 has come from higher-skilled occupations, which generally
command higher wages.</p><p> </p><p>The latest ONS data shows that agency temporary
workers represent 1.0% of people in employment.</p><p> </p><p>Self-employed people
make up 14.8% of people in employment – up 1.3% points from when comparable records
began in 1992.</p><p> </p><p>In October-December 2018 2.6% people in employment had
a zero hours’ contract – down from 2.8% the previous year.</p><p> </p><p>Alongside
this answer we provide a table showing the requested trends in different forms of
employment. The following points should be noted:</p><ul><li>The ONS publish some
of the requested data only in quarterly rather annual format. Annual comparisons are
made using quarterly data.</li><li>In some years it is not possible to provide the
proportion of net employment growth, as employment in the requested categories of
employment fell. For consistency we therefore only provide the net changes in employment
levels.</li></ul><p> </p><p>Data on the numbers of people working in agency temping
jobs is available quarterly. Oct-Dec 2018 is the most recent data; therefore, this
quarter has been used to calculate the requested change on year.</p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p>
</p></td><td><p>Change on year in agency temping level</p></td><td><p>Change on year
in employment level</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Oct-Dec 2011</p></td><td><p>36,831</p></td><td><p>17,604</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Oct-Dec
2012</p></td><td><p>12,019</p></td><td><p>565,759</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Oct-Dec
2013</p></td><td><p>-12,604</p></td><td><p>382,666</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Oct-Dec
2014</p></td><td><p>26,361</p></td><td><p>653,578</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Oct-Dec
2015</p></td><td><p>15,570</p></td><td><p>595,671</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Oct-Dec
2016</p></td><td><p>-19,207</p></td><td><p>305,424</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Oct-Dec
2017</p></td><td><p>-26,884</p></td><td><p>308,505</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Oct-Dec
2018</p></td><td><p>19,854</p></td><td><p>443,687</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p>
</p><p> </p><p>Data on the numbers in self-employment is quarterly. Nov-Jan 2019 is
the most recent data, therefore this quarter has been used to calculate for the change
on year.</p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p> </p></td><td><p>Change on year in self-employment
level</p></td><td><p>Change on year in employment level</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Nov-Jan
2012</p></td><td><p>102,251</p></td><td><p>-44,853</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Nov-Jan
2013</p></td><td><p>79,384</p></td><td><p>544,571</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>NovJan 2014</p></td><td><p>294,505</p></td><td><p>437,994</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Nov-Jan
2015</p></td><td><p>40,775</p></td><td><p>674,611</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Nov-Jan
2016</p></td><td><p>120,358</p></td><td><p>537,415</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Nov-Jan
2017</p></td><td><p>146,389</p></td><td><p>306,505</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Nov-Jan
2018</p></td><td><p>-34,995</p></td><td><p>393,697</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>Nov-Jan
2019</p></td><td><p>65,138</p></td><td><p>472,665</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p>
</p><p>Comparable zero hours contracts data is available annually until 2013, then
for Apr-Jun and Oct-Dec each year thereafter. Apr-Jun 2018 is the most recent data;
therefore, this quarter has been used for the change on year.</p><p> </p><p>The figures
in this analysis are calculated from responses to the Labour Force Survey (LFS). As
part of the survey the LFS asks people in employment if their job has flexible working
and if so to choose from a list of employment patterns those which best describe their
situation. The number of people who are shown as on a zero-hours contract will therefore
be affected by whether people know they are on a zero-hours contract and will be affected
by how aware they are of the concept. The increased coverage of zero-hours in the
latter half of 2013 may have affected the response to this question. Therefore, please
do not compare data before 2014, with data from 2014 onwards.</p><table><tbody><tr><td><p>
</p></td></tr><tr><td><p> </p></td><td><p> </p></td><td><p>Change on year in zero
hours contracts level</p></td><td><p>Change on year in employment level</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>
</p></td><td><p>2011</p></td><td><p>22,514</p></td><td><p>107,000</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>
</p></td><td><p>2012</p></td><td><p>61,993</p></td><td><p>251,000</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>
</p></td><td><p>2013</p></td><td><p>333,033</p></td><td><p>255,000</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>
</p></td><td><p>Oct-Dec 2014</p></td><td><p>n/a</p></td><td><p>n/a</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>
</p></td><td><p>Oct-Dec 2015</p></td><td><p>104,959</p></td><td><p>595,671</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>
</p></td><td><p>Oct-Dec 2016</p></td><td><p>103,022</p></td><td><p>305,424</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>
</p></td><td><p>Oct-Dec 2017</p></td><td><p>-5,100</p></td><td><p>308,505</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>
</p></td><td><p>Oct-Dec 2018</p></td><td><p>-57,489</p></td><td><p>443,687</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>
</p></td></tr><tr><td><p> </p></td><td colspan="3"><p>Apr-Jun 2014, the time period
changes from annual to quarterly data, these are not directly comparable periods.
It would also not be accurate to compare these periods, as ONS advise there was a
rise in awareness of zero hours contracts in late 2013 which caused the numbers to
rise.</p></td></tr></tbody></table>
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