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<p>The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) grew out of Al Qaida in Iraq [AQ-I]
which has been operating there since 2003.</p><p>Press reporting from 2012 stated
that AQ-I fighters were travelling over the border into Syria as the country emerged
as the primary “jihadi theatre.” But ISIL’s presence in Syria was publicly announced
by a declaration from Al Qaida in Iraq (AQ-I) leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi of its merger
with Al Nusrah Front (ANF) in April 2013. The merger was subsequently rejected by
the ANF.</p>
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