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<p>There is a broad range of entities which might be described as “international”,
and there is likely to be a range of ongoing litigation against the government (acting
for the United Kingdom) brought by different entities at any given time, and at various
stages of completion. Proceedings have recently been brought by the European Commission,
and other States may take legal action against the UK under specific treaties.</p><p>
</p><p>Such cases are dealt with by government lawyers in the relevant departments
and the Government Legal Department, with counsel or external law firms instructed
through the Attorney General Panel system at fixed rates, or through off-panel nominations
also at pre-agreed rates.</p><p> </p><p>In relation to the proceedings recently brought
against the UK by the European Commission, the matter is at an early stage and it
is not possible to determine the costs incurred so far or what the costs of defending
the challenge will ultimately be.</p>
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