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<p>The English surveillance programme for antimicrobial utilisation and resistance
(ESPAUR), run by Public Health England (PHE), found that resistance in Staphylococcus
aureus has declined. From 2011/12 to 2017/18 there was a 41% decline in the number
of cases reported to Public Health England; 846 cases were reported in 2017/18 compared
to 1,116 in 2011/12.</p><p> </p><p>In 2016, Escherichia coli was the commonest cause
of bloodstream infections (BSIs) and 41% were resistant to co-amoxiclav, the commonest
antibiotic used to treat infections in hospitals. Almost one in five of these bacteria
were resistant to at least one of other key antibiotics, though multi-drug resistance
(resistance to three antibiotics) remained uncommon (less than 5%). The overall number
of infections has increased over the last five years and the number of resistant infections
has also increased.</p><p> </p><p>Similarly, Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance to key
antibiotics remained stable between the years 2012 and 2016, the burden of resistance,
reflected in the numbers of resistant BSIs increased over time.</p><p> </p><p>Carbapenem
resistance remains low in blood culture isolates in England although data from other
countries shows how quickly resistance can rise over a relatively short time period.</p><p>
</p><p>The 2017 ESPAUR report is available to view at the following link:</p><p> </p><p><a
href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/656611/ESPAUR_report_2017.pdf"
target="_blank">https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/656611/ESPAUR_report_2017.pdf</a></p>
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