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519651

registered interest
date	19/05/2016
answering body	Ministry of Defence
answering dept id	11
answering dept short name	Defence
answering dept sort name	Defence
hansard heading	Unmanned Air Vehicles: Libya
house id	1
legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, how many British military personnel have been embedded with US military personnel flying drones or planes over Libya in the last six months.
tabling member constituency	Westmorland and Lonsdale
tabling member printed	Tim Farron
uin	37708
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 24/05/2016 answer text <p>None.</p> answering member constituency Portsmouth North answering member printed Penny Mordaunt question first answered 24/05/2016 15:05:43 answering member 4017 label Biography information for Penny Mordaunt
tabling member	1591 label Biography information for Tim Farron

519655

registered interest
date	19/05/2016
answering body	Ministry of Defence
answering dept id	11
answering dept short name	Defence
answering dept sort name	Defence
hansard heading	Mediterranean Sea: Human Trafficking
house id	1
legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what assessment he has made of the effectiveness of the UK's naval contribution to EU anti-people trafficking operations in the Mediterranean.
tabling member constituency	St Albans
tabling member printed	Mrs Anne Main
uin	37643
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 26/05/2016 answer text <p>The UK is contributing HMS ENTERPRISE to Operation SOPHIA and eight staff to the Operational Headquarters. HMS ENTERPRISE has been valuable in developing a picture of the maritime environment and smuggling routes. UK assets have destroyed 27 vessels to prevent re-use and identified nine smugglers to the Italian authorities. Furthermore, UK ships have rescued over a quarter of the total number of migrants saved by the entire operation - 3,700 out of 13,700. More broadly, we assess that Operation SOPHIA has left the smugglers unable to operate with impunity in international waters. This is progress on which we can build. We remain committed to working with the Libyan Government of National Accord to move to the later phases of the operation once the right conditions are in place and prevent the smugglers from putting people to sea.</p> answering member constituency Portsmouth North answering member printed Penny Mordaunt question first answered 26/05/2016 15:26:27 answering member 4017 label Biography information for Penny Mordaunt
tabling member	1568 label Biography information for Mrs Anne Main

519034

registered interest
date	18/05/2016
answering body	Ministry of Defence
answering dept id	11
answering dept short name	Defence
answering dept sort name	Defence
hansard heading	Electronic Warfare
house id	1
legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, what his Department's definition is of a cyber act of war.
tabling member constituency	Mid Sussex
tabling member printed	Sir Nicholas Soames
uin	37120
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 23/05/2016 answer text <p>There is no set definition for an act of war, cyber or otherwise.</p><p>An &quot;act of war&quot; and &quot;armed conflict&quot; are not defined within the Geneva Conventions. It is a matter of interpretation as to whether the threshold (within the context of surrounding circumstances) between a skirmish and a state of armed conflict has been crossed. Most cyber activity is criminal in nature. A key requirement to determining if there is an armed conflict taking place would be the deliberate intervention of members of a state's armed forces.</p><p>In determining if 'cyber' activity constitutes an armed attack, the UK view is that cyber-attacks can be considered as armed attacks if their consequences are essentially the same as those of a conventional kinetic attack. For example, theft of intellectual property would generally be considered to be a criminal act. However, if cyber-activity was performed on a scale which had sufficiently serious consequences for a developed economy, many States - including the UK - would likely regard this as an &quot;armed attack&quot;.</p> answering member constituency Portsmouth North answering member printed Penny Mordaunt question first answered 23/05/2016 15:31:47 answering member 4017 label Biography information for Penny Mordaunt
tabling member	116 label Biography information for Lord Soames of Fletching