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<p>The information requested is not held. HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) estimate
the tax gap, which encompasses fraud for VAT, excise duties and customs duty. However,
it is not possible to produce these estimates for online traders based outside the
EU, and for fraud originating in China. Tax gaps for VAT, excise duties and other
taxes overall are provided in HMRC’s publication ‘Measuring Tax Gaps’.</p><p> </p><p>HMRC
estimate that the tax loss from VAT fraud and error on online marketplaces was between
£1 billion and £1.5 billion in 2016/17. The department estimates that overseas sellers
contributed to approximately 60% of the VAT loss.</p>
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