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<p>The first half of 2018 saw some of the worst violence of the South Sudan civil
war that led to the deaths of nearly 400,000 people since 2013. Fighting between the
Government and opposition groups in Unity State in April and May 2018 was especially
violent and was referred to by the UN as 'deliberate, ruthless and violently bloody
attacks on civilians'.</p><p>In June 2018 the parties to the conflict signed the Khartoum
Declaration, which recommitted to earlier cessation of hostilities agreements and
paved the way for the Revitalised Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the
Republic of South Sudan (R-ARCSS), signed on 18 September 2018. Since then, there
has been a significant and sustained reduction in violence between the parties to
the agreement. Making an accurate assessment of fatalities and conflict incidents
in 2018 and 2019 is challenging but, according to the Armed Conflict Location &
Event Data Project, fatalities reduced from 848 in 2018, to 485 up to November 2019.</p><p>South
Sudan remains a violent country and fighting continues today in some areas, most notably
in Central Equatoria between the Government and the National Salvation Front, a militia
group who are not signatories to the agreement. Further, whilst inter-communal conflict
over resources and historic grievances pre-date the civil war, they have been exacerbated
by it and continue to this day.</p><p>What peace there is in South Sudan is fragile.
The UK consistently urges the parties to 2018 R-ARCSS to implement all commitments
in full, to engage in a spirit of compromise and to adhere to the ceasefire. Through
our Conflict Security and Stability Funding, the UK also supports the ceasefire monitoring
bodies and sub-national efforts to address the drivers of conflict.</p>
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