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<p>Public Health England’s (PHE’s) continuous routine laboratory surveillance does
not include device use or procedures associated with urinary infections, such as urinary
catheters. Therefore, no estimate has been made of the number of catheter-acquired
urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) which develop into a gram-negative bloodstream infection.</p><p>No
assessment has been made on the effect of CAUTIs on antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic
over-prescription.</p><p>However, PHE’s English surveillance programme for antimicrobial
utilisation and resistance (ESPAUR) is working with the National Health Service and
across sectors, to develop and maintain surveillance systems for monitoring trends
in antimicrobial use and resistance in England. Further details are available in the
ESPAUR report 2018-19 at the following link:</p><p><a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/english-surveillance-programme-antimicrobial-utilisation-and-resistance-espaur-report"
target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/english-surveillance-programme-antimicrobial-utilisation-and-resistance-espaur-report</a></p>
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