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<p>DFID commissioned the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to undertake
a review of the evidence on the links between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)
and nutrition in 2012. The review concluded that there was good evidence that WASH
has an impact on under-nutrition. At the very basic level, the act of infant and child
feeding needs good personal hygiene – hand washing with soap and water, plus good
food hygiene. In addition, water is important in that it is generally required to
prepare complementary foods. It needs to come from a safe source and then be collected,
transported and stored safely. The living environment of infants has to be free from
faecal contamination to minimise the risk of ingesting pathogens or coming into contact
with intestinal worms.</p><p>This review is currently being updated drawing on a report
by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2014 which estimated that 50% of child under-nutrition
is associated with repeated diarrhoea or intestinal worm infections as a result of
unsafe water, inadequate sanitation or insufficient hygiene. There is increasing evidence
that chronic diarrheal disease may inhibit nutrient absorption even if sufficient
food is consumed. This latter condition referred to as Environmental Enteropathy is
currently one of the subjects of a large randomised control trial being conducted
in Zimbabwe with DFID support.</p>
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