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106184

	registered interest
	date	04/11/2014
	answering body	Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept id	26
	answering dept short name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept sort name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	hansard heading	Productivity
	house id	2
	legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
	question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government, further to the Written Answer by Lord Livingston of Parkhead on 13 October (HL1890), what they consider to be the reasons for the differences between the output per worker per hour in the United Kingdom and those of the other G7 countries, as reported by the Office for National Statistics in its statistical bulletin <i>International Comparisons of Productivity—Final Estimates 2012</i>; and what plans they have to improve the United Kingdom’s relative position.
	tabling member printed	Lord Birt
	uin	HL2655
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 17/11/2014 answer text <p>The most up to date productivity data for 2012 are in the table.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Current Price Productivity, 2012, G7 countries, Index UK=100</strong></p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>Japan</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>Germany</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>Canada</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>Italy</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>France</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>US</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>UK</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>G7 excl. UK</em></strong></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>GDP per worker</strong></p></td><td><p>90</p></td><td><p>108</p></td><td><p>104</p></td><td><p>116</p></td><td><p>115</p></td><td><p>140</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>120</p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>GDP per hour worked</strong></p></td><td><p>85</p></td><td><p>129</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>109</p></td><td><p>128</p></td><td><p>130</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>117</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p>Source: International Comparisons of Productivity, First Estimates for 2013, ONS (Oct 2014)</p><p> </p><p>http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/icp/international-comparisons-of-productivity/2013---first-estimates/index.html</p><p> </p><p>Analysis undertaken by BIS (2012) to support Lord Heseltine’s Review of UK Competitiveness examined UK productivity in comparison to France, Germany and the USA. An analysis of productivity across all G7 countries has not yet been completed. The full analysis can be found <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/34647/12-1207-benchmarking-uk-competitiveness-in-the-global-economy.pdf" target="_blank">here</a> but the main findings were:</p><p> </p><p>The analysis decomposed the productivity gap (measured by output per hour worked) into two components:</p><p> </p><ul><li>Sector productivity effect – the share of the gap arising due to productivity in a given sector being higher in another country than in the UK.</li><li>Sector mix effect – the share of the gap arising due to employment in another country being more concentrated in high productivity sectors than in the UK.</li></ul><p> </p><p>When UK productivity is compared to France, Germany and the USA, the sector productivity effect in each of the comparator countries fully explains the gap. As such, higher productivity across almost all sectors in each of these economies accounts for the entirety of their lead over the UK. In fact, the UK’s favourable sector mix went some way towards reducing the gap, particularly against France.</p><p> </p><p>Naturally, the factors driving the gap vary by country. However, at the aggregate level, the UK tends to have lower capital per head than France and Germany and a less efficient use of inputs in production (Total Factor Productivity) than the USA (<a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32101/10-1213-economic-growth.pdf" target="_blank">BIS, 2010</a>). There is also a (smaller) gap between the UK and its major competitors in terms of skills. This is generally characterised as a gap in intermediate skills with France and Germany, and a gap in higher level skills relative to the USA.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Plans to Improve UK Productivity</strong></p><p> </p><p>Government policy focuses on delivering growth which in turn depends on productivity in the longer term. In this sense, the majority of longer run Government economic policy is ultimately about raising productivity.</p><p> </p><p>The Government’s industrial strategy and ‘The Plan for Growth’ are creating the right environment for businesses to invest and grow. This will continue to support UK long-term productivity growth.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Data Revisions</strong></p><p> </p><p>Recent changes to national accounts methodology have slightly reduced the productivity gap between the UK and other leading G7 economies. Data for 2012 were revised and are provided in the table above. In case it is of interest, the most recent data for 2013 is also included in the table below. A full decomposition of the productivity gap has not yet been undertaken using the revised data.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Current Price Productivity, 2013, G7 countries, Index UK=100</strong></p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>Japan</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>Germany</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>Canada</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>Italy</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>France</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>US</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>UK</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>G7 excl. UK</em></strong></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>GDP per worker</strong></p></td><td><p>88</p></td><td><p>107</p></td><td><p>103</p></td><td><p>115</p></td><td><p>114</p></td><td><p>139</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>119</p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>GDP per hour worked</strong></p></td><td><p>85</p></td><td><p>129</p></td><td><p>101</p></td><td><p>109</p></td><td><p>128</p></td><td><p>130</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>117</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p>Source: International Comparisons of Productivity, First Estimates for 2013, ONS (Oct 2014)</p><p> </p><p>http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/icp/international-comparisons-of-productivity/2013---first-estimates/index.html</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>References</p><p> </p><p>BIS (2010) Economic Growth, BIS Economics Paper No. 9</p><p> </p><p><a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32101/10-1213-economic-growth.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32101/10-1213-economic-growth.pdf</a></p><p> </p><p>BIS (2012) Benchmarking UK Competitiveness in the Global Economy, BIS Economics Paper No. 19</p><p> </p><p><a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/34647/12-1207-benchmarking-uk-competitiveness-in-the-global-economy.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/34647/12-1207-benchmarking-uk-competitiveness-in-the-global-economy.pdf</a></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p> answering member printed Lord Livingston of Parkhead question first answered 17/11/2014 12:31:53 answering member 4278 label Biography information for Lord Livingston of Parkhead
	tabling member	2533 label Biography information for Lord Birt

420564

	registered interest
	date	12/10/2015
	answering body	Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept id	26
	answering dept short name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept sort name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	hansard heading	Productivity
	house id	2
	legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
	question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government, in the light of figures from the Office for National Statistics on the United Kingdom's productivity as compared to other G7 countries, what steps are being taken to increase productivity.
	tabling member printed	Lord Taylor of Warwick
	uin	HL2539
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 23/10/2015 answer text <p>Closing the productivity gap represents a real opportunity for the UK to raise its living standards. In July the Chancellor published “Fixing the Foundations: Creating a more prosperous nation”. This report outlines a number of policies designed to improve UK productivity over the course of this parliament.</p><br /><p>Key new measures in the government’s productivity plan include:</p><br /><ul><li>A <strong>reformed planning system</strong>, with streamlined ‘zonal’ system for brownfield sites, and measures to ensure more land is made available for house building;</li></ul><br /><ul><li><strong>Simplifying and streamlining further education</strong> qualifications and inviting local areas to participate in the reshaping and commissioning of local provision;</li></ul><br /><ul><li>A <strong>network of prestigious Institutes of Technology</strong>, focused on delivering the higher level skills employers demand;</li></ul><br /><ul><li>Measures to <strong>sharpen incentives for providing outstanding teaching</strong> <strong>to university students</strong> and to <strong>open the higher education market to more new entrants;</strong></li></ul><br /><ul><li>A <strong>Digital Transformation Plan</strong> to support the adoption of digital technologies across the economy;</li></ul><br /><ul><li>A joint FCA/PRA <strong>New Bank Unit</strong> to promote competition in banking; and</li></ul><br /><ul><li>Building <strong>stronger trading links with emerging markets</strong>, and mobilising the whole of government behind exporting.</li></ul><br /> <br /><p>These policies build on the productivity improving measures announced in the Summer Budget, examples of which include:</p><br /><ul><li><strong>Cutting the UK’s Corporation Tax</strong> rate to 18%, the lowest in the G20;</li></ul><br /><ul><li>Setting the <strong>Annual Investment Allowance at its highest ever permanent level</strong>;</li></ul><br /><ul><li>Creating a <strong>Roads Fund</strong> through reforming Vehicle Excise Duty for new cars;</li></ul><br /><ul><li><strong>Funding new apprenticeships through a lev</strong>y on large employers, which will ensure that those who prioritise training get more out than they put in;</li></ul><br /><ul><li>Putting higher education funding on a more sustainable footing, with <strong>maintenance loans replacing grants</strong>;</li></ul><br /><ul><li><strong>Building a Northern Powerhouse</strong> and ensuring the productive potential of all parts of the UK is realised; and</li></ul><br /><ul><li><strong>Reforming Network Rail</strong> to ensure it can deliver a faster, more reliable and more efficient railway.</li></ul><br /> <br /><p>“Fixing the Foundations: Creating a more prosperous nation” can be found on the GOV.UK website, which is attached.</p> answering member printed Baroness Neville-Rolfe question first answered 23/10/2015 12:00:44 answering member 4284 label Biography information for Baroness Neville-Rolfe attachment 1 file name Productivity_Plan_print.pdf title Productivity Plan
	tabling member	1796 label Biography information for Lord Taylor of Warwick

432581

	registered interest
	date	26/11/2015
	answering body	Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept id	26
	answering dept short name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept sort name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	hansard heading	Productivity
	house id	2
	legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
	question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government what were the productivity levels in the UK compared with the rest of the G7 in each year since 1990.
	tabling member printed	Lord Kennedy of Southwark
	uin	HL3990
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 10/12/2015 answer text <p>The data is available on the ONS website, under the international Comparisons of Productivity section. For your ease, I have provided the table below:</p><p><strong>Current price GDP per hour worked (UK=100)</strong></p><table><tbody><tr><td><p>Year</p></td><td><p>UK</p></td><td><p>G7 exc. UK</p></td><td><p>Year</p></td><td><p>UK</p></td><td><p>G7 exc. UK</p></td><td><p>Year</p></td><td><p>UK</p></td><td><p>G7 exc. UK</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1990</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td></td><td><p>2000</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>107</p></td><td><p>2010</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>115</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1991</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>119</p></td><td><p>2001</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>108</p></td><td><p>2011</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>114</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1992</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>116</p></td><td><p>2002</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>106</p></td><td><p>2012</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>116</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1993</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>112</p></td><td><p>2003</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>105</p></td><td><p>2013</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>117</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1994</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>111</p></td><td><p>2004</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>105</p></td><td><p>2014</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>120</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1995</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>111</p></td><td><p>2005</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>106</p></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>1996</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>109</p></td><td><p>2006</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>104</p></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>1997</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>109</p></td><td><p>2007</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>106</p></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>1998</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>109</p></td><td><p>2008</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>107</p></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>1999</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>111</p></td><td><p>2009</p></td><td><p>100</p></td><td><p>110</p></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Data are in current prices, allowing cross-country comparison of productivity for each individual year.</p><p>Source: International Comparisons of Productivity, First Estimates for 2014, ONS (Sep 2015)</p><p><a href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/icp/international-comparisons-of-productivity/2014---first-estimates/stb-icp0915.html" target="_blank">http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/icp/international-comparisons-of-productivity/2014---first-estimates/stb-icp0915.html</a></p><p>* Productivity data for the G7 are unavailable for 1990 due to the absence of comparable data for pre-reunification Germany.</p> answering member printed Baroness Neville-Rolfe question first answered 10/12/2015 12:24:35 answering member 4284 label Biography information for Baroness Neville-Rolfe
	tabling member	4153 label Biography information for Lord Kennedy of Southwark

510268

	registered interest
	date	11/04/2016
	answering body	Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept id	26
	answering dept short name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept sort name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	hansard heading	Productivity
	house id	2
	legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
	question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government what assessment they have made of the finding in the study of attitudes to work by the Smith Institute that more than two-thirds of British workers are spending longer at their workplace for little or no gain in productivity.
	tabling member printed	Lord Taylor of Warwick
	uin	HL7474
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 25/04/2016 answer text <p>The Smith Institute survey of trade union members asked whether respondents thought they were working “harder” and whether they were more productive than two years ago. Given the ambiguity over the term “working harder” and the unrepresentative sample used, caution should be drawn on the relationship between hours worked and productivity.</p><p>However, ONS data indicate that between 2010 and 2015 the total number of hours worked per week in the UK economy has increased by 8.4%<sup>1</sup>. The vast majority of the increase, around 80%, came from higher employment. While the remainder did come from increased average hours this in part reflects a reduction in the share of part-time work.</p><p>It has been this significant increase in the number of people employed that has driven growth in the UK economy in recent years. The challenge now is to ensure the UK continues to grow through rising productivity. The government’s ‘Fixing the Foundations’ productivity plan, sets out an ambitious vision and the pro-productivity agenda designed to meet this challenge. Productivity, measured as output per hour worked, increased by 1.0% in 2015 as a whole – the largest annual increase since 2011.</p><p>References</p><p>1. ONS UK Labour Market (March 2016): Actual weekly hours worked (seasonally adjusted)</p><p><a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/actualweeklyhoursworkedseasonallyadjustedhour01sa" target="_blank">https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/actualweeklyhoursworkedseasonallyadjustedhour01sa</a></p> answering member printed Baroness Neville-Rolfe question first answered 25/04/2016 12:12:28 answering member 4284 label Biography information for Baroness Neville-Rolfe attachment 1 file name hour01saapr2016.xls title ONS UK Labour Market March 2016 weekly hours
	tabling member	1796 label Biography information for Lord Taylor of Warwick

91832

	registered interest
	date	26/09/2014
	answering body	Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept id	26
	answering dept short name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept sort name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	hansard heading	Productivity
	house id	2
	legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
	question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government what is their assessment of the output per worker in the United Kingdom in comparison with that in other G7 countries.
	tabling member printed	Lord Birt
	uin	HL1890
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 13/10/2014 answer text <p>The most up to date data currently available is for 2012 and is set out below:</p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Current Price GDP per worker, G7 countries, Index UK=100</strong></p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>Japan</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>Germany</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>Canada</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>Italy</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>France</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>US</em></strong></p></td><td><p><strong><em>G7 excluding UK</em></strong></p></td></tr><tr><td><p><strong>2012</strong></p></td><td><p>93</p></td><td><p>108</p></td><td><p>111</p></td><td><p>118</p></td><td><p>118</p></td><td><p>146</p></td><td><p>125</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Source: International Comparisons of Productivity, Final Estimates for 2012, ONS (Feb 2014)</p><p> </p><p><a href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/icp/international-comparisons-of-productivity/2012---final-estimates/stb-icp0214.html" target="_blank">http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/icp/international-comparisons-of-productivity/2012---final-estimates/stb-icp0214.html</a></p><p> </p> answering member printed Lord Livingston of Parkhead question first answered 13/10/2014 12:20:20 answering member 4278 label Biography information for Lord Livingston of Parkhead
	tabling member	2533 label Biography information for Lord Birt

167973

	registered interest
	date	04/12/2014
	answering body	Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept id	26
	answering dept short name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept sort name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	hansard heading	Productivity
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills, what steps the Government is taking to improve productivity.
	tabling member constituency	Mid Sussex
	tabling member printed	Sir Nicholas Soames
	uin	217275
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 17/12/2014 answer text <p>Government policy focuses on delivering growth; this in turn partly depends on longer term improvements to productivity. As such, much of the Government’s economic policy is about raising productivity, including but not limited to:</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Tax cuts</strong>: Government is actively working to reduce the tax burden where possible to help give businesses the confidence to invest and grow. Initiatives announced at this year’s Autumn Statement include a doubling of the Small Business Rate Relief for a further year, and a continued cap on the annual increase in business rates at 2% from April 2015 to March 2016. More widely the UK now has the lowest headline corporate tax rate in the G7 and 4th lowest in the G20. Budget 2013 announced further measures to reduce the main corporate tax rate to 20% by 2015.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Deregulation</strong>: Government departments are working together to simplify and reduce the regulatory burden for UK businesses through the Red Tape Challenge, One In, One Out , and One In, Two Out policies. This will create a regulatory environment in which businesses have the confidence to invest and grow. This work is already showing significant signs of success; excluding EU regulation, the estimated annual net cost of regulation to UK business has fallen by £1.5bn since 2011.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Skills</strong>: Ensuring employers have access to workers with the right skills plays a crucial role in enhancing the UK’s productivity. This Government has driven up participation in education, employment or training for 16-24 year olds since 2011. Apprenticeship participation has risen by 77% from 2009/10 to 2012/13, and there have been over 2 million Apprentices started since 2010.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>The Government is giving employers more direct control over the design and delivery of training solutions to address skills shortages and improve business performance through the Employer Ownership Pilot (EOP) and its successor Employer Ownership Fund (EOF). The Government is completing round 2 of EOP which will be worth £238m and has announced targeted activity for the auto supply chain and engineering under EOF.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Infrastructure</strong>: High quality infrastructure is essential for supporting productivity growth. Delivering the right infrastructure at a local, regional and national level, across the UK, is therefore key to the government’s long-term economic plan. Since 2010, this Government has completed 55 major roads and local transport projects, completed major improvements to Kings Cross station as well as 400 other stations, opened Heathrow Terminal 2 and introduced £22 billion of private sector investment in water assets.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>The National Infrastructure Plan for 2014 outlines a £466 billion plan for the UK’s infrastructure, of which £189 billion is future investment. This includes £15 billion of road improvements, £38bn investment in rail and £46 billion investment in the gas and electricity network.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Science and Innovation</strong>: The government funds and supports innovation in science, technology and engineering to help the UK’s high-tech industries to thrive. This has already seen £600m of government funding committed to the development and commercialisation of eight great technologies, a further £106m investment in new Centres for Doctoral Training, which will train more than 750 new students, and £42m in the creation of the Alan Turing Institute – a world-class research institute specialising in Big Data science. Details of the government’s on-going commitment to science and innovation will feature in the soon to be released Science and Innovation Strategy.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p> answering member constituency West Suffolk answering member printed Matthew Hancock question first answered 17/12/2014 16:23:19 answering member 4070 label Biography information for Matt Hancock previous answer version 32571 answering member constituency Tunbridge Wells answering member printed Greg Clark answering member 1578
	tabling member	116 label Biography information for Lord Soames of Fletching

171900

	registered interest
	date	05/01/2015
	answering body	Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept id	26
	answering dept short name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept sort name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	hansard heading	Productivity
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills, what steps he is taking to increase productivity.
	tabling member constituency	Mid Sussex
	tabling member printed	Sir Nicholas Soames
	uin	219763
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 08/01/2015 answer text <p>I refer my Rt.Hon. Friend to the answer I gave him on 9 December 2014, UIN 217275.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p> answering member constituency West Suffolk answering member printed Matthew Hancock question first answered 08/01/2015 16:22:03 answering member 4070 label Biography information for Matt Hancock
	tabling member	116 label Biography information for Lord Soames of Fletching

224638

	registered interest
	date	03/03/2015
	answering body	Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept id	26
	answering dept short name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept sort name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	hansard heading	Productivity
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills, what the increase in the UK's total factor productivity was in each of the last 15 years.
	tabling member constituency	Mid Sussex
	tabling member printed	Sir Nicholas Soames
	uin	225955
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 09/03/2015 answer text <p>The Office for National Statistics (ONS) have published experimental estimates of Multi-Factor Productivity (MFP), which is the terminology the ONS uses for total factor productivity. This is shown in Table 1.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Table 2 displays an index of these data, showing cumulative growth in MFP over the last 15 years.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Table 1: Annual Growth Rate of Multi-Factor Productivity </strong></p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>Year</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>1999</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2000</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2001</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2002</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2003</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2004</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2005</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2006</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2007</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2008</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2009</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2010</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2011</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2012</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2013</strong></p></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><p>0.96</p></td><td><p>2.02</p></td><td><p>0.87</p></td><td><p>1.13</p></td><td><p>2.71</p></td><td><p>1.21</p></td><td><p>0.27</p></td><td><p>1.54</p></td><td><p>0.58</p></td><td><p>-0.94</p></td><td><p>-4.62</p></td><td><p>0.91</p></td><td><p>0.39</p></td><td><p>-1.81</p></td><td><p>-0.53</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Table 2: Multi-Factor Productivity (1998=100)</strong></p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>Year</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>1999</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2000</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2001</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2002</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2003</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2004</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2005</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2006</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2007</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2008</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2009</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2010</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2011</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2012</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>2013</strong></p></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><p>101.0</p></td><td><p>103.0</p></td><td><p>103.9</p></td><td><p>105.0</p></td><td><p>107.7</p></td><td><p>108.9</p></td><td><p>109.2</p></td><td><p>110.7</p></td><td><p>111.3</p></td><td><p>110.4</p></td><td><p>105.7</p></td><td><p>106.6</p></td><td><p>107.0</p></td><td><p>105.2</p></td><td><p>104.7</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Source: Multi-factor Productivity (experimental), Estimates to 2013, ONS (Jan 2015) <a href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-386314" target="_blank">http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-386314</a></p><p> </p> answering member constituency West Suffolk answering member printed Matthew Hancock question first answered 09/03/2015 16:47:34 answering member 4070 label Biography information for Matt Hancock
	tabling member	116 label Biography information for Lord Soames of Fletching

390167

	registered interest
	date	15/07/2015
	answering body	Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept id	26
	answering dept short name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept sort name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	hansard heading	Productivity
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills, what assessment he has made of the effect of zombie companies on national productivity; and if he will make a statement.
	tabling member constituency	Mid Sussex
	tabling member printed	Sir Nicholas Soames
	uin	7261
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 23/07/2015 answer text <p>Zombie companies are companies that are allowed by banks to delay repayment of a loan so that they effectively only pay the interest due rather than the full loan amount. Bank of England analysis of this ‘loan forbearance’ suggests that only a relatively small proportion of small businesses are in receipt of any form of forbearance (around 6% of SME borrowers in 2013). The Bank concludes that forbearance by banks on loans to small businesses would therefore appear to account for only a small proportion of the weakness in aggregate UK productivity. The Bank’s analysis was published in the Bank’s quarterly bulletin which can be found on the Bank of England’s website.</p> answering member constituency Broxtowe answering member printed Anna Soubry question first answered 23/07/2015 10:57:14 answering member 3938 label Biography information for Anna Soubry
	tabling member	116 label Biography information for Lord Soames of Fletching

390168

	registered interest
	date	15/07/2015
	answering body	Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept id	26
	answering dept short name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	answering dept sort name	Business, Innovation and Skills
	hansard heading	Productivity
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills, what assessment he has made of the effect of employee ownership on national productivity; and if he will make a statement.
	tabling member constituency	Mid Sussex
	tabling member printed	Sir Nicholas Soames
	uin	7262
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 21/07/2015 answer text <p>We are not aware of any studies into the link between employee ownership and national productivity. Research published in 2014 by the Employee Ownership Association showed that businesses with employee ownership (where employees have both a meaningful financial stake and a say in how the business is run) had a year-on-year increase in productivity of 4.5%.</p><p> </p><p>The Government worked closely with experts, including from the Employee Ownership Association, in delivering the 2012 Nuttall Recommendations to reduce barriers to increasing the number of employee ownership businesses. This work was completed in 2014.</p> answering member constituency Broxtowe answering member printed Anna Soubry question first answered 21/07/2015 14:32:07 answering member 3938 label Biography information for Anna Soubry
	tabling member	116 label Biography information for Lord Soames of Fletching