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<p>Public Health England (PHE) has prioritised collecting the necessary data across
the National Health Service to enable estimation and monitoring of the proportion
of cases, deaths and costs attributable to carbapenemase-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.</p><p>In
May 2015 PHE implemented an enhanced surveillance system of all carbapenemase-producing
Gram negative bacteria, which was modified in 2019 to maximise efficiency. The health
burden of cases, estimated from these data, will be published in the <em>English Surveillance
Programme for Antimicrobial Utilisation Report</em> in November 2019.</p><p>The few
published reports of outbreaks have estimated costs of at least £1 million, and up
to £5 million, all indicating multi-model control measures are required, as outlined
in the PHE toolkit for prevention and control of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae
which is currently being updated.</p><p>Using national surveillance and patient administration
data to develop mathematical models, work is ongoing to estimate the reduction in
levels of illness and death when specified detection and control measures are applied
by 2020. Developed models will enable associated costs incurred to be estimated and
the cost-effectiveness of control measures to be established by 2021.</p><p> </p>
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