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<p>The Reserve Forces Act 1996 (RFA 96) describes two Reserve Forces: Volunteer Reserves
and Regular Reserves. It also makes provision for “special members”, commonly known
as Sponsored Reserves, where employers enter into capability contracts with the Ministry
of Defence, providing for some or all of their employees to be mobilised when the
operational need arises.</p><p> </p><p>Volunteer Reserves accept an annual training
commitment and a liability for call-out for permanent service. All serve on Reserve
Service Days (RSDs). Pay is attendance-based. Annual training is comprised of continuous
training (which is a unit camp or an attachment or course involving one or more periods
not exceeding 16 days per annum) and non-continuous training (which can take place
at any time, but normally at weekends and training nights). Each Service mandates
the number of RSDs required under obligatory training to achieve a Certificate of
Efficiency and therefore qualify for a training bounty.</p><p> </p><p>Section 27 of
RFA 96 enables Reservists to undertake Voluntary Training or Other Duties (VTOD).
Volunteer Reservists can also agree to maintain a higher level of readiness (the High
Readiness Reserve) for which they are paid a premium to their annual bounty. They
can also agree to enter into a formal commitment to undertake Defence work either
as an Additional Duties Commitment (ADC) or on Full Time Reserve Service (FTRS).</p><p>
</p><p>An ADC is a formal binding commitment under Section 25 of RFA 96, under which
a Reservist commits to perform specified duties for a specified period or periods
ranging between 16 days and a maximum of 180 days in any 12 month period. ADC may
include duties outside the UK and service alongside any of the Regular Services. Pay
is attendance-based.</p><p> </p><p>Section 24 of RFA96 provides for Reservists to
undertake periods of FTRS, performing specified duties for a specified period with
a continuous liability for duty. There are three types of FTRS commitment, each with
a different liability, and the type of commitment offered to the reservist is determined
by the liability required. These are:</p><p> </p><p><strong>Full Commitment</strong><strong>
(FC)</strong>: an individual on FTRS (FC) is fully deployable without the need to
be mobilised.</p><p><strong>Limited Commitment</strong>: these Reservists fulfil a
full range of duties based in one location (which may be overseas) and have a liability
for compulsory detachment in the UK or overseas which is limited to a total of 35
days in any one year, with no single detachment lasting in excess of 21 days. If detached
to a theatre of operations they must first be mobilised.</p><p><strong>Home Commitment</strong>:
these Reservists fulfil a full range of duties appropriate to the post in a single,
restricted location but with a liability for compulsory detachment limited to training
periods and other limited duties specified in the individual’s FTRS commitment. Detachment
does not extend to travel to a theatre of operations unless mobilised.</p><p> </p><p>FTRS
is a fixed term commitment, and can be short-term or long-term. Conditions of Service
for each type of commitment are detailed in single Service regulations. A Reservist
will normally be given, or be required to give, three to six months’ notice of termination
if they wish to end the commitment early but a commitment can be terminated at any
time by mutual consent. The Service can terminate an FTRS commitment at any time.
There is no redundancy policy. The basic pay (i.e. without X-factor) of a Reservist
on FTRS is the same as that of a Regular, with X-factor set at either 0, 5, or 14.5%
depending upon the commitment.</p><p> </p><p>Special members of the Reserve Forces,
commonly known as Sponsored Reserves, differ from other members of the military as
they are employed at all times through the contractor and only receive relevant military
training to allow them to survive, operate and perform their contracted task as military
personnel in an operational environment. This varies depending on the environments
in which they are contracted to operate. Section 40 of RFA 96 sets out the liability
of Sponsored Reserves to be called out or to train. Pay and conditions of service
for Sponsored Reserves are determined by their contract of employment with their employer.</p><p>
</p><p>The Regular Reserve Force comprises the Royal Fleet Reserve, Army Regular Reserve
and Royal Air Force Regular Reserve. Members of this Reserve Force are all former
Regular members of the Armed Forces. Many retain a liability to be called out for
service, the duration of which is determined by their previous contract type, length
of Regular service and reason for leaving. Some are available to provide specialist
capability for a limited time after leaving Regular service; all form a strategic
reserve for resilience and regeneration of our Armed Forces in case of national crisis.
In general, ex-Regular Reservists have only been called upon to support routine operations
if they have volunteered or when volunteer reservists have not been available.</p><p>
</p>
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