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386890

	registered interest
	date	01/07/2015
	answering body	Ministry of Defence
	answering dept id	11
	answering dept short name	Defence
	answering dept sort name	Defence
	hansard heading	Defence
	house id	2
	legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
	question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government over what periods in the last 30 years there has been a threat to the existence of the United Kingdom; and what was the average percentage of gross domestic product spent on defence in each of those years.
	tabling member printed	Lord West of Spithead
	uin	HL999
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 08/07/2015 answer text <p>The UK has, and continues to face, a broad range of complex threats both at home and abroad.</p><p>The table below shows the proportion of gross domestic product that the UK has spent on defence each year since 1985. This data is published annually by NATO as part of its Defence Expenditure publications.</p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>Year</strong></p></td><td><p><strong>Percentage of GDP spent on Defence</strong></p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1985</p></td><td><p>5.2</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1986</p></td><td><p>4.9</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1987</p></td><td><p>4.6</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1988</p></td><td><p>3.2</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1989</p></td><td><p>4.1</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1990</p></td><td><p>4.1</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1991</p></td><td><p>4.3</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1992</p></td><td><p>3.8</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><td><p>1993</p></td><td><p>3.6</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1994</p></td><td><p>3.4</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1995</p></td><td><p>3.1</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1996</p></td><td><p>3</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1997</p></td><td><p>2.7</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1998</p></td><td><p>2.6</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>1999</p></td><td><p>2.5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2000</p></td><td><p>2.5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2001</p></td><td><p>2.5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2002</p></td><td><p>2.4</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2003</p></td><td><p>2.4</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2004</p></td><td><p>2.2</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2005</p></td><td><p>2.5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2006</p></td><td><p>2.4</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2007</p></td><td><p>2.5</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2008</p></td><td><p>2.6</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2009</p></td><td><p>2.6</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2010</p></td><td><p>2.6</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2011</p></td><td><p>2.6</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2012</p></td><td><p>2.2</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2013</p></td><td><p>2.3</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2014</p></td><td><p>2.2</p></td></tr><tr><td><p>2015</p></td><td><p>2.1</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p> </p> answering member printed Earl Howe question first answered 08/07/2015 15:34:22 answering member 2000 label Biography information for Earl Howe
	tabling member	3834 label Biography information for Lord West of Spithead

1227699

	registered interest
	date	22/07/2020
	answering body	Foreign and Commonwealth Office
	answering dept id	16
	answering dept short name	Foreign and Commonwealth Office
	answering dept sort name	Foreign and Commonwealth Office
	hansard heading	Defence
	house id	2
	legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
	question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the legality of a state taking presumptive self defence under Article 51 of the Charter of the UN.
	tabling member printed	Lord Hodgson of Astley Abbotts
	uin	HL7148
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 05/08/2020 answer text <p>Article 2(4) of the UN Charter prohibits the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state. Article 51 of the Charter also recognises that a state has the inherent right to use force to defend itself against an armed attack. The UK does not recognise a doctrine of &quot;pre-emptive&quot; self defence. Like many other states, however, the long-standing UK view is that Article 51 of the UN Charter does not require a state passively to await an attack, but includes the inherent right to use force in self-defence against an &quot;imminent&quot; armed attack. The position of Her Majesty's Government was set out in the then Attorney General's speech at the Institute of International and Strategic Affairs on 11 January 2017, available on Gov.uk.</p> answering member printed Baroness Sugg question first answered 05/08/2020 14:31:23 answering member 4584 label Biography information for Baroness Sugg
	tabling member	1651 label Biography information for Lord Hodgson of Astley Abbotts

446512

	registered interest
	date	20/01/2016
	answering body	Ministry of Defence
	answering dept id	11
	answering dept short name	Defence
	answering dept sort name	Defence
	hansard heading	Defence
	house id	2
	legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
	question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government what conclusions they have drawn from the document Future Operating Environment 2035 published by the Ministry of Defence on 14 December 2015.
	tabling member printed	Lord Campbell of Pittenweem
	uin	HL5284
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 29/01/2016 answer text <br /><p>Whilst formally released outside the Department in December, the Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre (DCDC) published the &quot;Future Operating Environment 2035&quot; (FOE35) internally so that it was available throughout the SDSR period. FOE35 was a source of information on the threats and challenges that Defence would be asked to address in the future. Consequently, SDSR decisions were informed by the Future Operating Environment work and, in particular, the need to focus on being more agile and innovative. The Ministry of Defence continues to consider how the future operating environment will shape the business of Defence. DCDC will take this work forward as it develops the Defence Joint Operating Concept and the Joint and environmental future operating concepts in 2016.</p> answering member printed Earl Howe question first answered 29/01/2016 12:03:27 answering member 2000 label Biography information for Earl Howe
	tabling member	627 label Biography information for Lord Campbell of Pittenweem

832870

	registered interest
	date	29/01/2018
	answering body	Ministry of Defence
	answering dept id	11
	answering dept short name	Defence
	answering dept sort name	Defence
	hansard heading	Defence
	house id	2
	legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
	question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government whether the UK has strategic equivalents to the United States National Security Strategy and the United States National Defence Strategy; and, if so, what they are.
	tabling member printed	Lord Richards of Herstmonceux
	uin	HL5175
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 08/02/2018 answer text <p>The Government's National Security Strategy (NSS) is the strategic equivalent to the United States National Security Strategy. The Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) is the strategic equivalent to the United States National Defense Strategy, though it is not limited in scope to Defence matters as is the case in the USA.</p> answering member printed Earl Howe question first answered 08/02/2018 16:30:00 answering member 2000 label Biography information for Earl Howe
	tabling member	4317 label Biography information for Lord Richards of Herstmonceux

1305842

	registered interest
	date	24/03/2021
	answering body	Ministry of Defence
	answering dept id	11
	answering dept short name	Defence
	answering dept sort name	Defence
	hansard heading	Defence
	house id	2
	legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
	question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government, further to (1) the government of Russia’s seizure of Crimea, and (2) the government of Azerbaijan’s attack on Nagorno-Karabakh, what plans they have to review their policies for (a) nuclear, and (b) other deterrence.
	tabling member printed	Lord Hylton
	uin	HL14575
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 31/03/2021 answer text <p>The international order is more fragmented, characterised by intensifying competition between states over interests, norms and values.</p><p> </p><p>The UK's defence and deterrence policy is kept constantly under review to ensure that it reflects the current security environment. NATO remains the foundation of collective security in the Euro-Atlantic area, where our commitment to Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty remains our most powerful deterrent. To respond to emerging security challenges, including sub-threshold activity, Her Majesty's Government applies modern deterrence: the application of all appropriate tools to deter actual or potential adversaries from attempting harm against the UK or our partners.</p><p> </p><p>We continue to use the full spectrum of our capabilities to deter adversaries and to deny them opportunities to attack us or our allies. The UK's nuclear deterrent exists to deter the most extreme threats to our national security and way of life.</p> answering member printed Baroness Goldie question first answered 31/03/2021 14:28:58 answering member 4306 label Biography information for Baroness Goldie
	tabling member	2018 label Biography information for Lord Hylton

388464

	registered interest
	date	08/07/2015
	answering body	Ministry of Defence
	answering dept id	11
	answering dept short name	Defence
	answering dept sort name	Defence
	hansard heading	Defence
	house id	2
	legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
	question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government what areas of cost are included in this year's calculation of the percentage of gross domestic product spent on defence that were not included in the calculation for 2011–12.
	tabling member printed	Lord West of Spithead
	uin	HL1239
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 20/07/2015 answer text <p>As with other NATO allies, from time to time we update our approach to ensure we are categorising defence spending fully in accordance with NATO guidelines, seeking to capture all spending contributing to delivering the defence of the United Kingdom. Our 2011-12 NATO return was £36.6 billion. This included the Ministry of Defence budget, the cost of operations, and the Armed Forces Pension Scheme but did not reflect all UK defence spending. Our 2015-16 NATO return of £39 billion also included Ministry of Defence-generated income which directly funds defence activity, elements of the Government's cyber security spending, parts of the Conflict, Stability and Security Fund relating to peacekeeping, war pensions and pension payments to retired MOD civil servants.</p><p> </p> answering member printed Earl Howe grouped question UIN HL1238 question first answered 20/07/2015 15:34:09 answering member 2000 label Biography information for Earl Howe
	tabling member	3834 label Biography information for Lord West of Spithead

388463

	registered interest
	date	08/07/2015
	answering body	Ministry of Defence
	answering dept id	11
	answering dept short name	Defence
	answering dept sort name	Defence
	hansard heading	Defence
	house id	2
	legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
	question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government whether they will provide a full breakdown of the costs included in (1) this year's, and (2) 2011–12's, calculation of the total percentage of gross domestic product spent on defence.
	tabling member printed	Lord West of Spithead
	uin	HL1238
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 20/07/2015 answer text <p>As with other NATO allies, from time to time we update our approach to ensure we are categorising defence spending fully in accordance with NATO guidelines, seeking to capture all spending contributing to delivering the defence of the United Kingdom. Our 2011-12 NATO return was £36.6 billion. This included the Ministry of Defence budget, the cost of operations, and the Armed Forces Pension Scheme but did not reflect all UK defence spending. Our 2015-16 NATO return of £39 billion also included Ministry of Defence-generated income which directly funds defence activity, elements of the Government's cyber security spending, parts of the Conflict, Stability and Security Fund relating to peacekeeping, war pensions and pension payments to retired MOD civil servants.</p><p> </p> answering member printed Earl Howe grouped question UIN HL1239 question first answered 20/07/2015 15:34:09 answering member 2000 label Biography information for Earl Howe
	tabling member	3834 label Biography information for Lord West of Spithead

1470912

	registered interest
	date	15/06/2022
	answering body	Ministry of Defence
	answering dept id	11
	answering dept short name	Defence
	answering dept sort name	Defence
	hansard heading	Defence
	house id	2
	legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
	question text	To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the case for an immediate increase in UK defence (1) spending, and (2) equipment.
	tabling member printed	Lord Selkirk of Douglas
	uin	HL1011
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 29/06/2022 answer text <p>We have already secured a generous £24 billion uplift in Spending Review 20 towards delivering the outcomes of the Integrated Review, the largest sustained spending increase since the end of the Cold War. Further analysis is required before we make substantial changes to our Equipment Plan, however the Russian invasion of Ukraine has provided an additional impetus to focus on its delivery.</p> answering member printed Baroness Goldie question first answered 29/06/2022 15:56:02 answering member 4306 label Biography information for Baroness Goldie
	tabling member	802 label Biography information for Lord Selkirk of Douglas

1546380

	registered interest
	date	29/11/2022
	answering body	Ministry of Defence
	answering dept id	11
	answering dept short name	Defence
	answering dept sort name	Defence
	hansard heading	Defence
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, whether he plans to publish an updated Defence and Security Industrial Strategy after publication of the refresh of the Integrated Review and an updated Defence Command Paper.
	tabling member constituency	Wentworth and Dearne
	tabling member printed	John Healey
	uin	98664
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 02/12/2022 answer text <p>Events since the Defence and Security Industrial Strategy (DSIS) was published and the UK's response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine have reinforced the key themes of the DSIS - the need to consider industry as a capability in its own right, and closer and earlier dialogue with industry.</p><p>We will review the DSIS alongside the Integrated Review and Defence Command Paper refresh and will decide as part of that process whether a new publication is warranted.</p> answering member constituency Cheltenham answering member printed Alex Chalk question first answered 02/12/2022 14:04:12 answering member 4481 label Biography information for Alex Chalk
	tabling member	400 label Biography information for John Healey

1546378

	registered interest
	date	29/11/2022
	answering body	Ministry of Defence
	answering dept id	11
	answering dept short name	Defence
	answering dept sort name	Defence
	hansard heading	Defence
	house id	1
	legislature	25259 pref label House of Commons
	question text	To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, when he expects to publish an updated Defence Command Paper.
	tabling member constituency	Wentworth and Dearne
	tabling member printed	John Healey
	uin	98662
	answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 05/12/2022 answer text <p>The Department expects to publish an update to the Defence Command Paper following the Government's publication of the update to the Integrated Review and following the Treasury's Spring Statement.</p> answering member constituency Wyre and Preston North answering member printed Mr Ben Wallace question first answered 05/12/2022 17:40:25 answering member 1539 label Biography information for Mr Ben Wallace
	tabling member	400 label Biography information for John Healey