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628238

registered interest
date	03/11/2016
answering body	Department of Health
answering dept id	17
answering dept short name	Health
answering dept sort name	Health
hansard heading	Fluoride: Drinking Water
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government, further to the Written Answer by Earl Howe on 22 April 2013 (HL372), and in the light of the water supply being fluoridated in Birmingham but not Manchester, on what evidential basis their assessment was made that there are no significant differences in the general health of the populations of Manchester and Birmingham, other than differences in average decayed, missing and filled teeth.
tabling member printed	Baroness Gardner of Parkes
uin	HL2973
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 17/11/2016 answer text <p>Health profiles maintained by Public Health England (PHE) show that there are no significant differences in the general health of the populations of Manchester and Birmingham that might be attributable to water fluoridation. PHE’s <em>Water fluoridation: Health monitoring report for England 2014</em> compared a range of dental and non-dental health indicators in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas in England. The report concluded that water fluoridation is a safe and effective public health measure as there were reduced levels of tooth decay in fluoridated areas and no evidence of potential harm for the health indicators measured. A copy of this report is attached.</p> answering member printed Lord Prior of Brampton question first answered 17/11/2016 12:52:45 answering member 127 label Biography information for Lord Prior of Brampton attachment 1 file name Water fluoridation health monitoring for England__full_report_1Apr2014.pdf title Water fluoridation report
tabling member	3596 label Biography information for Baroness Gardner of Parkes

628239

registered interest
date	03/11/2016
answering body	Department of Health
answering dept id	17
answering dept short name	Health
answering dept sort name	Health
hansard heading	Fluoride: Drinking Water
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government, further to the Written Answer by Earl Howe on 22 April 2013 (WA 372), and in the light of proposals to introduce fluoride to tap water in Hull, what are the most recent figures for the average number of decayed, missing or filled teeth amongst (1) five year old children and (2) 12 year old children, in (a) Birmingham, and (b) Manchester.
tabling member printed	Baroness Gardner of Parkes
uin	HL2974
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 16/11/2016 answer text <p>The most recent comparable statistics are from the Public Health England Dental Public Health Intelligence Programme. The 2015 survey of five-year-old children showed an average of 0.8 decayed, missing or filled teeth among children in Birmingham and 1.3 teeth among those in Manchester. A copy of the <em>National Dental Epidemiology Programme for England: oral health survey of five-year-old children 2015 A report on the prevalence and severity of dental decay</em> is attached. There are no more recent figures for twelve-year-old children than those given by Earl Howe in his response of 22 April 2013 (WA 372), the 2009 survey showing an average of 0.65 decayed missing or filled teeth in Birmingham and 1.12 in Manchester.</p> answering member printed Lord Prior of Brampton question first answered 16/11/2016 15:29:47 answering member 127 label Biography information for Lord Prior of Brampton attachment 1 file name National Dental Epidemiology Programme for England oral health survey of five-year-old children 2015.pdf title Oral Health Survey report
tabling member	3596 label Biography information for Baroness Gardner of Parkes

449176

registered interest
date	01/02/2016
answering body	Department of Health
answering dept id	17
answering dept short name	Health
answering dept sort name	Health
hansard heading	Fluoride: Drinking Water
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government, further to the answer by Lord Prior of Brampton on 19 January (HL Deb, col 641) about the potential fortification of bread with folic acid to prevent neural tube defects in pregnancy, why they do not apply the argument "around choice and whether or not it is right to medicate the entire population for the benefit of a fairly small part of it" to the fluoridation of water supplies to prevent caries.
tabling member printed	Earl Baldwin of Bewdley
uin	HL5686
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 11/02/2016 answer text <p>It has been the policy of successive governments that decisions on water fluoridation are best taken locally. There is a duty to consult the local population where local authorities propose the establishment of a new water fluoridation scheme. Some areas of the country have water supplies that naturally contain levels of fluoride similar to the target level for water fluoridation schemes where the levels are adjusted.</p><p> </p> answering member printed Lord Prior of Brampton question first answered 11/02/2016 15:54:06 answering member 127 label Biography information for Lord Prior of Brampton
tabling member	3446 label Biography information for Earl Baldwin of Bewdley

449178

registered interest
date	01/02/2016
answering body	Department of Health
answering dept id	17
answering dept short name	Health
answering dept sort name	Health
hansard heading	Fluoride: Drinking Water
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government, further to the Written Answer by Earl Howe on 16 January 2013 (HL4464), whether the potential disadvantages as well as advantages of water fluoridation for young children "are enjoyed regardless of personal behaviour".
tabling member printed	Earl Baldwin of Bewdley
uin	HL5688
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 11/02/2016 answer text <p>Scientific reviews over many years have shown that water fluoridation is an effective and safe public health measure. It is known that consuming fluoride in water at levels permitted by United Kingdom legislation, whether as a result of fluoridation or present naturally, can contribute to the risk of dental fluorosis, as can other sources of fluoride such as toothpaste if swallowed in excessive amounts.</p><p>In 2014 Public Health England published <em>Water fluoridation </em><em>Health monitoring report for</em></p><p><em>England</em>, acting as guidance for dental teams on the prevention of dental disease in their patients. This included advice on reducing the risk of dental fluorosis from toothpaste ingestion among their patients, in particular young children. A copy of this guidance is attached.</p> answering member printed Lord Prior of Brampton question first answered 11/02/2016 12:49:35 answering member 127 label Biography information for Lord Prior of Brampton attachment 1 file name Water fluoridation - Health monitoring report for England 2014.pdf title Water Fluoridation Health Monitoring Report
tabling member	3446 label Biography information for Earl Baldwin of Bewdley

449179

registered interest
date	01/02/2016
answering body	Department of Health
answering dept id	17
answering dept short name	Health
answering dept sort name	Health
hansard heading	Fluoride: Drinking Water
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government what is their estimate of the percentage of water involved in fluoridation schemes that reaches the teeth of children it is designed to benefit, taking account of industrial, agricultural, municipal, domestic and other usage, and of the leakage from mains supplies.
tabling member printed	Earl Baldwin of Bewdley
uin	HL5689
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 11/02/2016 answer text <p>The 2008 Water Strategy for England reported that households account for 52% of the use of public water supplies. Around 7% of the water used in homes is used for drinking and cooking; an additional percentage will be used for tooth brushing.</p><p>There are no separate figures for water supplied in fluoridation schemes. Such schemes tend to supply more urban areas and it is reasonable to expect a greater domestic use than would be the case for supplies serving areas with significant agricultural or industrial use.</p> answering member printed Lord Prior of Brampton question first answered 11/02/2016 14:57:25 answering member 127 label Biography information for Lord Prior of Brampton
tabling member	3446 label Biography information for Earl Baldwin of Bewdley

445785

registered interest
date	19/01/2016
answering body	Department of Health
answering dept id	17
answering dept short name	Health
answering dept sort name	Health
hansard heading	Fluoride: Drinking Water
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government what plans they have to introduce fluoride into the water of the North West of England.
tabling member printed	Lord Bradley
uin	HL5195
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 01/02/2016 answer text <p>There are currently water fluoridation schemes in the North West of England serving parts of Cumbria and Cheshire.</p><p>It has been the policy of successive governments that decisions on water fluoridation are best taken locally. The Health and Social Care Act 2012 gave powers to upper tier and unitary local authorities to make proposals in relation to fluoridation.</p> answering member printed Lord Prior of Brampton question first answered 01/02/2016 17:36:02 answering member 127 label Biography information for Lord Prior of Brampton
tabling member	452 label Biography information for Lord Bradley

438497

registered interest
date	15/12/2015
answering body	Department of Health
answering dept id	17
answering dept short name	Health
answering dept sort name	Health
hansard heading	Fluoride: Drinking Water
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government what is their view on the merits of reducing the concentration of fluoride in water supplies subject to fluoridation schemes from 1.0 to around 0.7 part per million, in the light of the experience of countries such as Canada, the Republic of Ireland, Hong Kong and Singapore.
tabling member printed	Earl Baldwin of Bewdley
uin	HL4593
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 21/12/2015 answer text <p>Public Health England advise that there is no current evidence from monitoring data to support a variation of the target level for fluoride in drinking water.</p> answering member printed Lord Prior of Brampton question first answered 21/12/2015 17:25:48 answering member 127 label Biography information for Lord Prior of Brampton
tabling member	3446 label Biography information for Earl Baldwin of Bewdley

431542

registered interest
date	23/11/2015
answering body	Department of Health
answering dept id	17
answering dept short name	Health
answering dept sort name	Health
hansard heading	Fluoride: Drinking Water
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government whether the running costs of existing and future fluoridation schemes will continue to be funded when the ring-fenced public health grant is removed; and if so, how.
tabling member printed	Lord Hunt of Kings Heath
uin	HL3805
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 07/12/2015 answer text <p>Since April 2013 Public Health England (PHE), on behalf of the Secretary of State, has recovered the operational costs of water fluoridation from local authorities served by these arrangements. The Secretary of State is required to meet the reasonable fluoridation capital and operating costs incurred by water undertakers in England and has the power to require local authorities to make payments to the Secretary of State to meet any such costs he has incurred. There are no proposed changes to the legislation affecting these arrangements.</p><br /><p>Funding arrangements for the capital costs of new fluoridation schemes in England will need to be agreed between local authorities and PHE, on behalf of the Secretary of State, as part of the preparatory work before the scheme can commence.</p> answering member printed Lord Prior of Brampton grouped question UIN HL3806 question first answered 07/12/2015 14:49:07 answering member 127 label Biography information for Lord Prior of Brampton
tabling member	2024 label Biography information for Lord Hunt of Kings Heath

431543

registered interest
date	23/11/2015
answering body	Department of Health
answering dept id	17
answering dept short name	Health
answering dept sort name	Health
hansard heading	Fluoride: Drinking Water
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government what arrangements they have made for the capital funding costs of new fluoridation schemes.
tabling member printed	Lord Hunt of Kings Heath
uin	HL3806
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 07/12/2015 answer text <p>Since April 2013 Public Health England (PHE), on behalf of the Secretary of State, has recovered the operational costs of water fluoridation from local authorities served by these arrangements. The Secretary of State is required to meet the reasonable fluoridation capital and operating costs incurred by water undertakers in England and has the power to require local authorities to make payments to the Secretary of State to meet any such costs he has incurred. There are no proposed changes to the legislation affecting these arrangements.</p><br /><p>Funding arrangements for the capital costs of new fluoridation schemes in England will need to be agreed between local authorities and PHE, on behalf of the Secretary of State, as part of the preparatory work before the scheme can commence.</p> answering member printed Lord Prior of Brampton grouped question UIN HL3805 question first answered 07/12/2015 14:49:07 answering member 127 label Biography information for Lord Prior of Brampton
tabling member	2024 label Biography information for Lord Hunt of Kings Heath

426042

registered interest
date	04/11/2015
answering body	Department of Health
answering dept id	17
answering dept short name	Health
answering dept sort name	Health
hansard heading	Fluoride: Drinking Water
house id	2
legislature	25277 pref label House of Lords
question text	To ask Her Majesty’s Government, further to the Written Answers on fluoride in drinking water by Lord Prior of Brampton on 21 September (HL1940 and HL2178), what evidential weight they give to ecological analyses which compare health outcomes in a fluoridated area with those in an unfluoridated one.
tabling member printed	Earl Baldwin of Bewdley
uin	HL3315
answer	answer is ministerial correction date of answer 17/11/2015 answer text <p>Ecological studies are used for comparing public health outcomes in populations. This is particularly so where multiple populations can be included, there can be a proper account of other factors that might have affected the recorded levels of disease and where reasonable assurance that the ascertainment of disease or exposure to a factor under study has been the same for all observed populations.</p><br /><p>As such, this study design is appropriate for monitoring health outcomes in fluoridated and non-fluoridated populations. As an example of the caution that should be adopted when observing differences between fluoridated and non-fluoridated populations, the authors of the 2014 Public Health England (PHE) health monitoring report, both in the report and in a recent summary in the scientific literature (Young et. al. 2015 which is attached) stressed that, whilst lower levels of renal stones and bladder cancer were observed in fluoridated populations, the ecological design prohibits any conclusions being drawn about a protective role of water fluoridation for these conditions.</p><br /> answering member printed Lord Prior of Brampton question first answered 17/11/2015 12:49:13 answering member 127 label Biography information for Lord Prior of Brampton attachment 1 file name ID3780640_Young et al (2015) - Community water fluoridation and health outcomes in England.pdf title Young et al 2015
tabling member	3446 label Biography information for Earl Baldwin of Bewdley