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<p>The performance of Highways England service providers in relation to litter is
measured against the grades of cleanliness defined within the Department for Environment,
Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) Code of Practice on Litter and Refuse.</p><p>Each Highways
England region manages its own maintenance contract and any failure to meet contractual
obligations would trigger sanctions under the contract.</p><p> </p><p>In 2018 there
have been no reported incidents of sanctions being applied in relation to litter,
apart from the East Midlands, where payments to a service provider were withheld until
evidence was provided that cleanliness had been brought up to standard.</p>
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