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<p>We welcome the IPCC Special Report, which provides the best available science on
the wide range of impacts of climate change on the ocean and the cryosphere and potential
measures for building resilience to those impacts. Climate change has already caused
significant impacts on the ocean and cryosphere, including warming, acidification
and deoxygenation of the ocean, melting of glaciers, ice sheets and permafrost, and
sea level rise, with detrimental consequences for ecosystems and people.</p><p>As
this report and the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5◦C find, the severity
of future impacts depends heavily on the levels of future greenhouse gas emissions.
Higher emissions will result in more severe impacts, which is why the UK government
set a legally binding target to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions from across
the UK economy by 2050.</p><p>To limit global warming to 1.5 degrees we should explore
every available avenue. In the marine environment, Nature Based Solutions such as
the conservation and restoration of coastal habitats, protection of coral reefs and
designation of Marine Protected Areas can provide climate mitigation as well as climate
adaptation and resilience benefits for biodiversity, fish nursery habitats, storm
protection and contributions to coastal communities. To that end, the UK is encouraging
countries to join the Global Ocean Alliance - our call to protect at least 30% of
the global ocean within Marine Protected Areas by 2030.</p>
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